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68 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
ploiting the oceans much more actively and efficiently. We may note that various 
segments of industry and the academic community have already started to point 
the way. 
An adequate information exchange system is vital to coordination at all levels 
from the working scientists and engineers, through the procurement and man- 
agerial staffs, to the top policymakers. We plan to continue and expand our 
efforts along the lines previously mentioned. 
The Panel intends to foster the development of interagency instrument sys- 
tems. Hxamples of these are: 
(a) National or international oceanwide buoy networks.—W orldwide monitor- 
ing systems are necessary to provide synoptic data on weather and ocean environ- 
ment for predicting and ultimately controlling weather, for more efficient ex- 
ploitation of our fisheries, and to improve military surveillance and ocean trans- 
portation. 
(b) Satellite systems.—To relay the data from buoys and other ocean platforms 
to national and international data centers. The use of satellites to relay data, 
automatically monitored information and platform location, not only will tie 
in with the above buoy networks but will aid in the protection of human lives, 
reporting the position of vessels, life rafts, aircraft, and icebergs. Though 
expensive, such systems would result in Savings in search-for-rescue alone nearly 
equal to their cost. The feasibility of this technique was dramatically demon- 
strated by the BCF vessel, the Geronimo, which transmitted oceanographic data 
to the National Oceanographic Data Center via Syncom satellite. 
(c) Sensors.—These very small but key parts of all observational systems are 
a most critical technical area, requiring further development. 
(dad) Undersea structures and devices.—With the increasing accessibility of the 
mesodepths and greater knowledge about the riches they contain, whole new fam- 
ilies of devices are coming into being: Small submersible workboats, remote con- 
trol manipulators, undersea structures, and inhabited stations. Communication, 
and monitoring networks, mining techniques, midwater and deep fishing methods 
must be developed. We must increase our effort in the underwater realm. 
(e) More shorebased facilities are vital for this effort—Hducational institu- 
tions have been meagerly funded. Whole new campuses are required, sea-grant 
eolleges if you will, to train the coming generations in ocean technology, aqua- 
cultural engineering, undersea navigation, three-dimensional seamanship, and 
deep water mining techniques. Existing oceanographic centers need to be ex- 
panded so as to extend the capabilities of their personnel. Large new marine 
technological institutes specializing in the various engineering aspects need to 
be established. An example of such a base is the proposed Interior Oceanographic 
Base at Tiburon, Calif., now occupied by skeleton planning groups from three 
agencies. Emphasis here will be in scientific research, engineering research, 
surveys, and monitoring. Logistics, data handling, monitoring, and instrumen- 
tation will also be undertaken. 
This Panel is proud to have had a role in the national oceanographic effort. We 
believe we have made substantial progress. We are attempting to provide lead- 
ership and help coordination in this area of ocean science and technology for all 
segments of the oceanographic community. 
Mr. Lennon. Our next witness is Dr. Arthur E. Maxwell, Chairman 
of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography Panel on Interna- 
tional Programs. 
Doctor, we certainly would like to stay here as long as you need to 
read your statement but I wonder if, in the interest of time, having dic- 
tated this statement, and spent a great deal of time in research on it, 1f 
you want to read it in its entirety or do you want to go through it and 
comment on it and put the statement in the record ? 
I am a little bit afraid that today, for sure, we will get a quorum 
eall right after 12 o’clock. 
