70 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
mentioned several times before these hearings which are formal pro- 
grams of the Commission. These are the International Indian Ocean 
Expedition and the International Cooperative Investigations of the 
Tropical Atlantic. 
The International Indian Ocean Expedition started out as an inter- 
national program developed by the Special Committee on Oceano- 
graphic Research, a nongovernmental group, but this was taken over by 
ICO at its first meeting in 1961. 
The second program, the one on Tropical Atlantic, was one initiated 
in the United States by the ICO itself. The program looked promis- 
ing as a national program and, as such, it was submitted to the Inter- 
governmental Commission for its consideration. It was adopted and 
has broken down the program into three parts; Equalants I, II, and 
ITT, which have already been completed. 
The first two of these were carried out in the spring and fall of 1963 
and the last was completed only this spring. We have been particu- 
larly fortunate in this in that the United States has had a member of 
the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries as the International Coordinator 
for this program. In general, the program has thrived under our 
leadership. 
To give you some estimate of the magnitude of these international 
programs, the Indian Ocean Expedition has had participation by some 
40 ships from about 12 different countries. In addition, eight other 
countries participated with scientific assistance. The U.S. effort in 
this expedition has been approximately one-third of the total effort 
and through the end of next year when the Indian Ocean Expedition 
officially ends, we will have sent approximately 14 cruises to the area 
and the total cost of these will run in the neighborhood of $20 million. 
Again, I would like to repeat this is about a third of the total effort 
in the International Indian Ocean Expedition. 
Returning now to the tropical] Atlantic, we find in Equalant I, that 
there were 14 vessels taking part from 7 nations: three were from the 
United States; three from the Soviet Union, and other countries that 
participated were Argentina, Brazil, the Republic of Congo, Nigeria, 
and the Republic of the Ivory Coast. 
In Equalant IT, 11 vessels participated from 8 nations and during 
Equalant IIT, there were 8 vessels from 6 nations. 
As Mr. McKernan told you, one of the very successful things about 
this expedition was the fact that all of the data collected on EKqualants 
I and IT have been received in World Data Center A located here in 
Washington. These data have been published in a data report and 
were made available last week to the Intergovernmental Ocean 
Commission. 
In terms of the volume of this raw data amounts to approximately 4 
inches thickness. This isa tremendous effort and I do not think there 
has been any other instance where countries working together in inter-_ 
national programs have been able to submit their data so rapidly and 
make it available for everybody to look at. 
In addition to the two programs under the TOC that IT have men- 
tioned, there is a third program, the Cooperative Study of Kuroshio 
adopted only last week as an intergovernmental program. 
At the present time the United States has not decided its extent of 
participation in this. This is still under study by our Government, by 
the various agencies within the IOC. 
