NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 87 
‘to more competently judge the effectiveness of oceanographic reserach. The 
jpresent members of the Panel, including myself, are the following : 
Mr. Boyd H. Olson, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. 
Dr. A. E. Maxwell, Office of Naval Research (ONR), Geophysics (formerly 
‘Chairman). 
Dr. 8S. R. Galler, ONR, Biology Branch. 
Dr. Robert A. Frosch, Advanced Research Projects Agency. 
Dr. Roland Smith, Bureau of Commerical Fisheries. 
Mr. Gilbert Corwin, U.S. Geological Survey. 
Mr. Theodore Ryan, Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
Dr. Richard G. Bader, National Science Foundation. 
Mr. Bernard Berger, Public-Health Service. 
Mr. Arnold Joseph, Atomic Energy: Comission. 
Dr. Donald Pritchard (National Academy of Sciences, observer). 
Dr. Frank Gifford (Weather Bureau, observer). 
During our last report to you we stated that a subpanel had been established 
‘to consider the Federal program in the area of biological oceanography. This 
-subpanel was not asked to submit a special report. Its efforts were incorpo- 
rated into the 10-year plan, which has been distributed to you by Dr. Hornig, and 
in the annual national oceanographic program documents, Interagency Com- 
mittee on Oceanography Pamphlets No. 11 and 15, which were provided by 
Dr. Wakelin. 
Four additional subpanels have been established in the last 2 years to review 
the Government’s plans in oceanography at the task level. This is in accordance 
-with the perspectives given you 2 years ago by Dr. Arthur Maxwell. 
Two of the subpanels have served their function and have gone out of ex- 
istence.. A-Subpanel on Radiobiology considered the relationships between radio- 
sactivity research in the Atomic Energy Commission and that of the Public Health 
Service, National Science Foundation, and other potential sponsors of research 
in this area. As'a result of several-meetings adequate coordination was effec- 
tively undertaken within the agencies, and the Subpanel has been disbanded. 
A second subpanel was established to consider the development of underseas 
research yehicles. This subpanel prepared a report which is presently being 
reviewed and edited and should be available within the next 2 months. This 
report will be concerned with the types of research that may be accomplished 
with undersea vehicles. It will not consider the many problems of engineering 
«of the vehicles, which more propery will be discussed by a later speaker. 
A Subpanel on Microbiology has recently been established to consider that 
field of study. The plan here, Mr. Chairman, is to attain an understanding of 
the occurrence of useful antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals from the ocean. 
‘The Subpanel will, of course, be concerned with the occurrence and transmission 
of waterborne diseases and parasites in the ocean. 
One of the more complex topics that we have been forced to consider is that of 
‘air-sea interaction. We feel that an understanding of the energy exchange be- 
tween the ocean and atmosphere has tremendous implications for the prediction 
and control-of weather. We are well aware of the necessity of cooperation with 
-atmospherie scientists and have developed a joint panel with the Interagency 
Committee on Atomspheric Sciences. This panel has made a preliminary report 
through the Research Panel to the Interagency Committee on Oceanography and 
‘directly to the Interagency Committee on Atmospheric Sciences. 
Although we have been concerned with whether an apparent two-headed 
monster, such as this, could function, we have recently established that it is 
‘entirely practical for such a committee to prepare planning documents will full 
joint cooperation between the two parent committees. The funding for research 
for air-sea interaction, in my opinion, has become responsive to the requirements 
of the meteorologist and of the oceanographer. 
Two years ago, Mr. Chairman, we discussed the objectives and plans of the 
Research Panel. I will not repeat these. I should like rather to talk about the 
accomplishments in oceanographic research. 
At the outset I must state that we have only begun to receive data leading 
to an understanding of major oceanographic problems. All of the accomplish- 
ments that I mention, although they are significant steps forward, are simply 
examples of the return which we can expect from a continuing research effort. 
I will orient my presentation to the five categories of oceanographic research 
which are listed by Dr. Wakelin on page 14 of his statement. 
The first one of these is physical properties and motion of the sea. I would 
like to start this part of my presentation by telling a story. Dr. Allyn Vine of 
