NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 149 
petered out, down through the surface waters where plankton tows 
and productivity measurements were made as part of the biological 
program of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, on down 
through the deeper water where our water sampling profiles were tied 
in with the international effort to understand the circulation and dis- 
tribution of variables in the equatorial regions of the Indian Ocean. 
The work we did in the eastern Indian Ocean tied in with work of 
other ships from other countries and from the United States farther to 
the west. 
The main part of our work, however, was involved in geology and 
geophysics. This involved sediment coring, rock dredging, bottom 
photography, diving, work with heat probes or geothermal probes, 
continuous echo sounding or hydrography. It included special work 
with a subbottom acoustic device for penetrating the bottom and giv- 
ing us returns from layers below the bottom. 
It included the whole gambit, really, of oceanographic activities. 
I think probably one thing that seldom is heard about in the Indian 
Ocean operations, one thing which we felt was quite important and 
one thing I think this committee might be most interested in, was some 
of the international cooperation and the means we used to try and 
improve the scientific image of the United States in that part of the 
world, particularly in southeast Asia. 
We had aboard from other agencies in the United States people 
from the Weather Bureau, the Geological Survey, the Naval Oceano- 
graphic Office, the National Oceanographic Data Center, and a doctor 
from the Public Health Service. So, you see the things that have 
been talked about here, this cooperation among the ICO agencies, 
this also goes on at the wet deck level at sea. 
We also had personnel from the Scripps Institution of Ocean- 
ography, from the University of Hawaii, doing work both for the 
University of Hawaii and for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 
a man from the University of Southern California, and at each major 
port we picked up local marine scientists to work with us to the next 
port. We had a fisheries man from the Philippine Fisheries Com- 
mission; we had a man from the Philippine Bureau of Coast and 
Geodetic Survey; we had the director of the Geological Survey of 
Malaysia; these were people actually aboard taking part im the scien- 
tific work of the expedition. 
We had a man from the Fisheries Research Laboratory of Malaysia 
at Penang. We had one of the directors of the Survey of India 
aboard. We had a man from Andhra University in India, and just 
as I left we were getting a man from one of the marine research 
laboratories of Indonesia. When the Pioneer visited Djakarta in 
Indonesia this past week, we took up to 50 scientists and other inter- 
ested people out for 1 day aboard the ship to demonstrate what we 
were doing. 
In each port we would hold up to 2 days of scientific seminars. 
When the ship tied up, instead of having the men scatter about the 
town as tourists, we would hold scientific seminars with the local 
scientists; we would hold open house aboard ship in which scientists 
and imterested people and schoolchildren and government officials 
could come aboard and would be given a guided tour of the ship. 
We also had a reception aboard one night for government officials. 
