272 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
12.611 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY I CARRITT 
Study of the chemical systems in the oceans; the 
composition of sea water; the density-chlorinity- 
salinity relationships; the carbon dioxide system; 
the nutrient systems; dissolved gases; the routes 
and rates of material and energy transfer between 
hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Discussion 
of the methods of measurement of the dissolved 
substances in sea water. 
12.612 SEMINAR IN CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 
Readings in the contemporary literature and discussion 
of several topics chosen to fit the backgrounds, fields 
of study, and interests of the participants. Topics in 
which chemical data are used in the interpretation of 
natural processes in the sea, such as carbon 14 dating 
in marine sediments in sea water; exchange of carbon 
dioxide (and other gases) across the sea surface; rates 
of physical, biological and geological processes in the 
oceans as inferred from chemical data; discussion of 
chemical species in natural fresh and salt waters. 
The following courses in geology and geophysics are recommended 
by the Department for work towards a degree in oceanography: 
12.011 MINERALOGY I DENNEN 
12.012 MINERALOGY II DENNEN 
12.14 PETROLOGY FAIRBAIRN 
12.15 PETROLOGY LABORATORY FAIRBAIRN 
12.301 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY DENNEN 
12.302 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY MENCHER 
12.308 SEDIMENTATION AND STRATIGRAPHY I MENCHER 
12.309 SEDIMENTATION AND STRATIGRAPHY II ° MENCHER 
12.583 SEDIMENTOLOGY SEMINAR sn SHROCK, MENCHER 
12.811 GEOCHEMISTRY I WINCHESTER 
12.812 GEOCHEMISTRY II WINCHESTER 
12.82 | SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS DENNEN 
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