NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
These projections required certain basic as- 
sumptions in planning—first, that annual growth 
in manpower over the next decade will average 
9 - 10 percent compared to about 7 - 8 percent 
in all fields of science and technology as a whole. 
Oceanographic budgets will grow about 10 - 11 
percent annually on the average. For oceanog- 
raphy, the growth is expected to be about in pace 
with the national average for all of science and 
technology, faster during the next five years than 
in the subsequent five years, with annual expendi- 
tures rising to $350 million in FY 1972. 
The greatest rate of increase in funding must 
occur during the early part of the period when the 
need to replace obsolete and inadequate oceanog- 
raphic ships is greatest. The net growth in the 
size of the fleet is kept proportional to the growth 
in manpower while facilities are expected to grow 
primarily in size rather than in numbers. 
Some major changes in emphasis within the 
overall program are projected. The proportion 
of the total effort which is devoted to research 
should be markedly increased, as should that 
directed to exploiting and managing oceanic 
resources and controlling pollution and threats 
to health. The fraction devoted to defense and to 
routine surveys and services, while remaining < 
major effort, is expected to decrease although the 
absolute amounts will rise. Efforts on behalf of pro- 
tecting life and property along seacoasts and in 
promoting the safety of operations at sea should 
remain relatively unchanged. 
The greater emphasis on research reflects a 
general consensus that applied work demands a 
firmer footing on theory and empirical observa- 
tion and broad understanding than now exists to 
permit even narrow questions of practical impor- 
tance to be answered properly. Moreover, re- 
‘search conducted within the context of any 
single goal or agency mission by its nature con- 
tributes to the general pool of knowledge and 
inevitably finds application to other problems in 
other agencies. The Navy will continue to devote 
its oceanographic budget to research in areas of 
immediate and potential importance to defense, 
but much of this research has nonmilitary impli- 
cation; the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will 
devote almost two-thirds of its growing program 
to basic studies, and the National Science Found- 
ation is expected to increase its program almost 
fourfold. All told, about 56 percent of the pro- 
jected effort over the decade will be basic research, 
435 
with broad though incalculable implications for the 
applied work of all agencies in support of every 
national goal. The program in support of basic 
oceanography is divided as follows: 
SUPPORT OF BASIC SCIENCE; 1963-1972 
(56 Percent Total Budget — $1300 Million) 
(millions) 
Navy $ 465 
National Science Foundation 500 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 200 
Geological Survey 40 
Atomic Energy Commission 30 
Public Health Service 30 
Smithsonian Institution 25 
Coast and Geodetic Survey, the 10 
Weather Bureau, the Bureau 
of Mines, the Bureau of 
Sport Fisheries, the Mari- 
time Administration, and 
the Coast Guard. 
About 32 percent of the total budget consists 
of programs with direct application to other 
national goals. It is divided as follows: 
SUPPORT OF APPLIED OCEANOGRAPHY 
(32 Percent Total Budget — $750 Million) 
(millions) 
The direct support of defense $ 370 
projects 
Problems of resource manage- 190 
ment and the control of 
health threats in the 
world ocean 
Exploiting resources on and 70 
under the continental shelf 
The protection of the U.S. 70 
public from local pollution 
and unfit seafood 
Protecting life and property 50 
along the coasts and enhanc- 
ing the safety of operations 
at sea. 
The remaining 12 percent ($280 million) of 
the budget supports routine surveys and serv- 
ices of general utility to the entire oceanographic 
community. 
Most of this effort is also highly beneficial to 
private groups with a special interest in the sea. 
Much of it is considered essential to the fishing 
industry, helpful to the shipping and recreation 
