NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
461 
TABLE 3 
Navy TENOC Shipbuilding Program 
(1963 through 1972) 
Basic Research (1) 
Applied Research (2) 
Ocean Surveys (3) 
(1) Assigned to private labs under ONR contract 
(2) Assigned to Navy labs and NavOceano 
(3) Assigned to NavOceano 
(4) Assigned to NavOceano 
Although data are collected for classified mili- 
tary operations, a very large fraction resulting 
from those surveys is publicly available through 
the National Oceanographic Data Center. 
4. INSTRUMENTATION AND FACILITIES 
Seven percent of the Navy’s projected budget 
($60 million) is allocated to development and pro- 
curement of oceanographic instrumentation. Fea- 
tured in development programs will be sensing- 
recording-processing systems for rapid and 
accurate data acquisition and treatment. Part of 
the Oceanographic Office instrumentation budget 
supports the developmental effort at the Navy’s 
Oceanographic Instrumentation Center. The re- 
maining one percent of the budget will go toward 
the building of new facilities, both privately oper- 
ated and military. 
5. DEEP SUBMERGENCE VEHICLES 
While recognizing the sea, from surface to ocean 
floor, is the available arena for naval warfare, 
most activities have been carried out at or near the 
surface. Combat submarines are being designed 
for deeper operation, but by and large the only 
manned - vehicle for full vertical access to the ocean 
has been the TRIESTE. However, it has only a 
two-mile horizontal range. A far more ambitious 
study of Navy requirements is now being under- 
taken in relation to deep operations, including 
salvage. 
28 
The Navy is considering three types of vehicles, 
but no explicit funding is provided in this plan. 
The first type, designed for cruising along the con- 
tinental shelf and work on bottomed equipment 
along the continental slope, is intended to dive to 
approximately 5000 feet, and cruise at slow speeds 
for 8 - 10 hours. Four of these are considered 
required early in the decade with six more later. 
A second type is intended to operate to 15,000 - 
20,000 feet and consequently to be able to reach 
bottom across 90 percent of the ocean floor. It 
should be able to cruise at slow speeds for as much 
as a day. Two of these are to be required for re- 
search prior to 1970 with two more thereafter. 
The third type is intended for deep trench inves- 
tigations and should go to 36,000 feet. It will 
probably have a limited ability to cruise at depth. 
A total of two of these is desired, one prior to 1970. 
6. TENOC 
The Navy first developed a long-range plan in 
oceanography in 1959, referred to as TENOC 
(“Ten Years in Oceanography”). Periodically up- 
dated, TENOC reflects advances in both science 
and operational requirements, with a balanced 
program organized in ten areas of effort. These 
areas and their relative emphasis projected over 
the next ten years are shown in Figure 3. However, 
of the Navy’s total oceanographic budget of $1315 
million, only $835 million, or about two-thirds, is 
included within the National Oceanographic 
