464 
studies in particular locations on the Columbia 
River, Delaware River, Susquehanna River, and 
Chesapeake Bay, with new studies beginning after 
1965 of the Southeast Drainage Basins and the 
Alaska Drainage Basins. 
The program should total about $88 million 
in the next ten years. Three new facilities will 
be added to the present nine conducting oceano- 
graphic projects. No ships are required. 
2. MANAGEMENT OF U.S. RESOURCES 
HELD IN COMMON 
(4 Percent 1963-1972 Effort, 1 Percent Basic, 
3 Percent Applied) 
Although a comparatively modest effort, the 
funds for investigating and managing the re- 
sources along the shore and on and under the 
continental shelf represent such an increase from 
the small amount being spent on this area today 
(less than 1 percent) that a considerable change 
in the picture of what these resources are should 
develop by 1972. The Geological Survey and the 
Bureau of Mines plan a systematic exploration 
of this potentially valuable area for mineral de- 
posits. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will 
continue to study such local food resources as 
clams, oysters, lobsters, and the like, and the Office 
of Saline Water is prepared to participate or ad- 
vise as needed. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries 
and Wildlife, the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 
and the National Park Service expect to concern 
themselves with recreational values. 
The Geological Survey plans to establish two 
11€W Major oceanographic research centers closely 
tied to its Washington (D. C.) and Menlo Park 
(Calif.) geological research centers. From these 
centers, it will study the composition, structure, 
geologic and hydrologic processes, and resources 
of the ocean floor, in cooperation with other gov- 
ernment agencies and private institutions. The 
studies will permit offshore extension of geologi- 
cal and geophysical knowledge of land areas and 
will provide a better understanding of sedimentary 
rocks and resources that were formed beneath 
the oceans and subsequently raised above sea 
level to form lands. Current emphasis is being 
placed on estuaries, bays, continental shelves 
and other nearshore areas of the United States, 
its possessions and trust territories. As knowl- 
edge of these areas becomes available, the em- 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
The Bureau of Mines proposes the construc- 
tion of a marine research center at an as yet un- 
specified shoreside location with provisions for 
process laboratories for sea water extraction and 
mineral separation studies, core libraries for speci- 
men storage, analytical facilities for sample de- 
terminations, and docking space for research 
vessels, instrument shops, and the like. In addi- 
tion to the mesoscaphe which it will share with 
the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Bureau 
of Mines will require a number of specialized 
surface and underwater craft or devices for drill- 
ing, dredging, and taking piston cores. Both the 
Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines will 
need extensive new instrumentation. By the end 
of the decade the Bureau of Mines expects to 
have various underwater mining demonstration 
laboratories. The preparation of an ocean floor 
mine shaft will be investigated with initial drifts, 
a mine shaft collar to the ocean surface, an ele- 
vator, and various underwater shelters at the mine 
opening. Under study are floating underwater 
laboratories for seagoing research operations 
and on-the-spot analysis and testing. Bureau of 
Mines and Geological Survey programs should 
run in the vicinity of $100 million for the ten- 
year period. 
With regard to the resource represented by 
the recreational value of the seas and shores, the 
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife expects 
to add one research center on the Gulf of Mexico 
to the two it now operates and to provide research 
vessels for each to take the place of the chartered 
ships now in use. Its program emphasizes the in- 
ventory of game fish populations, determining 
particularly suitable locations for game fishing, 
and the development of sea water systems at each 
of its three research laboratories for holding game 
fish and rearing their young. 
The oceanographic effort on behalf of recrea- 
tion is expected to run about $15 million over 
the decade. 
E. Safety at Sea, Protection Ashore 
1. PROTECTING LIFE AND PROPERTY 
ALONG THE COASTLINES (LESS THAN 
1 PERCENT OF THE 1963-1972 EFFORT) 
The Army’s Corps of Engineers (with the Beach 
Erosion Board as one of its research agencies) 
phasis will be extended seaward to the deepoceans. plays the major role in protecting beaches and 
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