NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
harbor areas from wave-attack, and in providing 
navigation channels and harbors in the coastal 
area, while the Weather Bureau issues warnings 
of the occurrence of dangerous conditions from 
storms. Both will continue their research pro- 
grams at about present levels throughout the 
decade. This is expected to amount to about $16 
million for the Corps of Engineers and to be slight- 
ly under $3 million for the Weather Bureau. 
In the Pacific, the tsunami warning service of 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey will be improved 
and expanded as part of an international pro- 
gram to extend the greatly needed warning to 
other areas of the Pacific: Further research will 
also be undertaken in an attempt to learn to fore- 
cast the wave heights as well as times of arrival. 
The Coast and Geodetic Survey plans to allocate 
about $1 million to this effort in the coming decade 
in a cooperative venture with other nations. 
2. SAFETY OF OPERATIONS AT SEA 
(1.2 Percent 1963-1972 Effort) 
The traditional responsibility of the Coast Guard 
for maritime safety and the maintenance of navi- 
gational aids at sea has always led to activities 
of great use and value to oceanography. While 
conducting the International Ice Patrol and such 
regulation enforcement operations as the Bering 
Sea Patrol, and while conducting icebreaking 
operations in the Arctic, its ships have usually 
accommodated scientists from other agencies 
and laboratories and carried oceanographic and 
meteorological instruments of various sorts. It 
was especially fitting that in the Fall of 1961 the 
Coast Guard’s charter was formally amended 
to authorize the conduct of oceanographic re- 
search within the agency itself, in relation to its 
mission. During the coming decade, its program 
will support work in connection with such diverse 
goals as ocean survey program, inshore surveys, 
studies of ocean waves and swells, ice in the sea; 
oceanographic forecasting, radioactivity in the 
oceans, and oil pollution of navigable waters. Two 
new oceanographic ships and much new instru- 
mentation represent major requirements for their 
expanded role. Their oceanographic budget is 
expected to run about $28 million over the ten 
years. 
As to promoting safety at sea, the chart and 
map service of the Naval Oceanographic Office 
and the Coast and Geodetic Survey are of vital 
35-377 O—64——31 
32 
465 
importance. Additionally, they serve as the neces- 
ary base maps for other scientific investigations. 
These products, and the surveys to provide the 
data on which they are based will be continually 
improved and updated throughout the period. 
F. Services (12 Percent 1963-1972 Effort) 
These will be described in more detail in the 
next chapter. They are mentioned here as im- 
portant activities in support of the entire oceano- 
graphic community from which all benefit in 
common. Although a smaller fraction of effort 
during the next decade than at present, they do 
in fact represent an expansion over the present 
program. Much of this expansion is in the Ocean 
Survey Program conducted by the Coast and Geo- 
detic Survey primarily in association with the 
Navy but with participation of the Coast Guard, 
the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Geo- 
logical Survey, and the Weather Bureau. The 
Coast and Geodetic Survey will require eight new 
ships and the Navy four for this operation. Buoys, 
also under development for the ocean survey 
program, could add greatly both to the effective- 
ness (and probably to the cost) of the program if 
they are successfully developed and optimally 
employed. 
An oceanographic forecasting service for non- 
military use may come into the program during 
this period. Its costs and requirements cannot 
yet be estimated. It would presumably benefit 
from—and probably resemble—the Navy’s AS- 
WEPS program. 
The National Oceanographic Data Center, 
already an integral part of the national communi- 
ty, will continue at a slightly expanded rate, and 
a new facility, the Naval Oceanographic Office 
Instrumentation Center, recently established by 
the Navy, will function to some extent in support 
of the entire community. In advancement of the 
concept of coordinated effort, the oceanographic 
units of a number of federal agencies have moved, 
or are in process of moving to a three-acre area 
in the Washington, D. C. Navy Yard Annex. 
The Interagency Committee on Oceanography 
feels that there may be a need for one or more 
interagency marine centers where interdisciplinary 
programs beyond the capacity of single agencies 
could be carried on. No firm plans for such centers 
exist as yet, however. 
