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I. INTRODUCTION 
Executive order 10807, promulgated by 
President Eisenhower in 1959, established the 
Federal Council for Science and Technology 
(FCST) to coordinate Federal support of science 
in the United States. The committee on Ocea- 
nography, originally a temporary subcommittee 
of the FCST standing committee, was made per- 
manent in 1960, and in 1961 the FCST Chairman, 
Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, affirmed the continu- 
ance of the ICO with the following mission: 
To develop annually a national oceanographic 
program incorporating its judgement as to bal- 
ance and emphasis in terms of both long range 
scientific needs and requirements of government 
agencies through the following mechanism: 
a. Reviewing current activities and planned 
programs of individual agencies in the context 
of the government's overall long range effort. 
b. Engaging in coordinated budget planning 
so as to recommend level of funding required 
for each fiscal year. 
c. Considering special problems that may 
arise in implementing the National program, 
and recommended solutions therefore. 
The FY 1964 National Oceanographic Pro- 
gram continues the necessary growth in this 
Nation's scientific activities related to the 
oceans. It is a growth which has been stimu- 
lated by the President and by Congress through 
a number of pronouncements indicating that 
oceanography is an area of science which must 
be vigorously pursued in the national interest 
and for the benefit of all mankind. 
The recommended program for FY 1964 
amounts to $156 million, an increase of 25.9 
per cent over the $124 million budgeted for 
FY 1963. The apportionment of funds by agency 
and functional area is depicted on the opposite 
page and detailed in the tables in part V of this 
report. Significant expansion in all areas has 
been programmed, with the largest increments 
in research and ship construction. Although 
each of the functional areas is described in de- 
tail in the pages that follow, certain features of 
the program deserve mention here. 
The shortage in scientific manpower needed 
to conduct an expanding program in oceanog- 
raphy effectively has been a matter of concern 
for several years. Results from the ICO Man- 
power Study now underway indicate a need for 
substantially greater numbers of physical ocea- 
nographers. There is evidence, however, that 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
scientists trained in other disciplines are turn- 
ing to oceanography in numbers which will per- 
mit the growth of the marine sciences to the 
level planned for FY 1964. This does not sug- 
gest that the increasing numbers of scientists 
and technicians required for future oceano- 
graphic research will be supplied without in- 
telligent planning and vigorous support. 
Very significant logistics elements have 
been incorporated into the FY 1964 National 
Oceanographic Program. In the area of re- 
search the agencies have increased training 
programs, both for their own personnel and for 
full time graduate students. The program in 
facilities will not only contribute to increased 
performance and training within agency bound- 
aries, but will provide for university and insti- 
tutional research facilities beyond the minimum 
recommendations made by the National Acad- 
emy of Sciences Committee on Oceanography 
(NASCO) in its report to the President's Science 
Advisor in August 1961. 
Also of significance in FY 1964, is the 
growing participation of the United States in in- 
ternational marine science programs. Asa 
major participant in the Intergovernmental 
Oceanographic Commission (IOC), this Nation 
must maintain the necessary leadership to in- 
sure an effective coordinated international ef- 
fort. The FY 1963 program described our con- 
tributions to the International Indian Ocean 
Expedition (MOE). This effort continues in 
FY 1964. The IOC-Sponsored International 
Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical At- 
lantic, conceived, planned, and coordinated by 
the U.S., is well under way. The vastness of the 
oceans and their prospective resources clearly 
indicates the necessity for such international 
cooperation. 
Il. SUMMARY OF FISCAL 1963 
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 
During the fiscal year 1963, the National 
Oceanographic Program is being implemented 
over a broad front. Notable are the extent and 
variety of cooperative national and international 
research and survey cruises, the launching of 
new research vessels, and the establishment of 
a center for calibrating and testing instrumen- 
tation by the Naval Oceanographic Office. 
Research 
Among the research cruises undertaken by 
member agencies are investigations of the 
Marianas Trench complex, the Drake Passage 
