NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
programs in ice physics and Arctic oceanog- 
raphy will be increased. These programs will 
be closely related to submarine operational pro- 
grams in the Arctic Ocean. 
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
Weather Bureau. The Weather Bureau will 
continued programs carried out in FY 1963 at 
about the same level of effort. 
Maritime Administration. The Maritime 
Administration's program in the study of wave 
spectra at sea and the effect of waves on ship 
design will be continued in FY 1964 at the same 
level as in the previous year. 
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The Bu- 
reau will continue basic studies at its Stanford 
Laboratory on the interrelations of long-term 
atmospheric and oceanic conditions and their 
effects on the abundance and distribution of fish 
stocks. 
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 
Although support for no major new program 
is envisaged by the National Science Foundation 
under this objective at this time, it is antici- 
pated that many of the existing programs will be 
expanded over their FY 1963 levels. 
OBJECTIVE THREE - To determine the kinds, 
distribution, adaptations and productivity of 
the living population of the sea and to under- 
stand the interrelation of the marine organ- 
isms to each other and to the physical and 
chemical properties of the sea. 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
Department of the Navy 
Office of Naval Research. In addition to a 
general expansion of programs in marine biol- 
ogy, ONR will place new emphasis on the biol- 
ogy of the deep oceans and the relation of deep 
water organisms to those in surface layers. 
The contributions of submicroscopic nanno- 
plankton forms to the economy of the marine 
environment will be analyzed. The chemical 
basis of marine deterioration will be intensively 
examined as will the pharmacological and 
509 
chemical character of biologically active sub- 
stances produced by marine organisms. 
Systematic research, the study of the de- 
velopmental relations among biological organ- 
isms, will be increased and the use of computers 
as aids in this area will be examined. 
Bureau of Ships. The Navy Electronics 
Laboratory's program for the classification and 
analysis of noises originating from marine or- 
ganisms and its program for study of the ver- 
tical distribution of marine life correlated with 
the physical and chemical properties of the 
water, uSing the bathyscaph TRIESTE, will be 
accelerated in FY 1964. The TRIESTE is cur- 
rently undergoing complete overhaul. 
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. In work- 
ing towards optimum use of the living resources 
of the sea, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 
will expand its research program in radiobiol- 
ogy along with laboratory and field studies on the 
physiology and behavior of tuna, sardines, and 
other important marine species. With the aid 
of a new vessel, studies will be augmented on 
the ecology and population dynamics of ground- 
fishes in the western North Atlantic. In addition, 
the Bureau will cooperate with other agencies 
in balanced biological, chemical, and physical 
oceanographic programs in the tropical Atlantic, 
eastern tropical Pacific, and central Pacific 
areas. Fellowships in the marine sciences will 
be granted to qualified students in the hope that 
some of these students will choose careers in 
the marine sciences. Exploratory fishing ef- 
forts will be greatly expanded in the Caribbean 
and western tropical Atlantic together with the 
development and testing of new fish sampling 
gear and techniques. Particular attention will 
be devoted to development of new techniques for 
catching fish in commercial quantities. These 
new techniques will be used on exploratory 
cruises to delinate areas of fish abundance. 
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife - 
The Bureau will intensify its studies, on both 
the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, of the life his- 
tories, physiology, growth, and behavior of 
marine game fish; environmental studies will 
be expanded. 
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 
The National Science Foundation's Division 
of Biological and Medical Sciences will expand 
