510 
support of a wide variety of studies of life and 
living processes in the sea. In FY 1964 an 
orderly growth in the amount of support for re- 
search in systematic biogeographic and analog- 
ical relations of marine animals and plants and 
their interactions with the marine environment 
is contemplated. Increased support will also be 
provided for ship time in biological oceanog- 
raphy, and for the expansion and improvement 
of marine laboratories and their graduate train- 
ing programs. Two ocean-going vessels, one in 
the Pacific and one in the Atlantic, will be used 
cooperatively by scientists from many universi- 
ties throughout the country. These vessels will 
be designed and operated to emphasize basic re- 
search and graduate training in marine biology. 
A large portion of the increase in funds for FY 
1964 will go to the support of research and 
training on these ships. In addition, the major 
costs of the U. S. biological program for the 
International Indian Ocean Expedition will be 
provided during FY 1964. This program will 
encompass the efforts of 150 biologists repre- 
senting approximately 100 different universities. 
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
In FY 1964 there will be a modest increase 
in the Smithsonian's taxonomic program. Al- 
though taxonomy is basic to the study of marine 
biological processes, the shortage of taxonomists 
is such that growth in this area will be slow in 
relation to the need. Tremendous quantities of 
bulk specimens will be obtained in the oceano- 
graphic programs planned. The Museum of 
Natural History has established a National Sort- 
ing Center to increase the efficiency of the col- 
lection of specimens as well as their scientific 
processing. This activity and the research staff 
will be increased. 
OBJECTIVE FOUR - To describe and under- 
stand the geological, geochemical, and geo- 
physical nature of the sea floor, including 
its relation to the adjoining land masses. 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
Department of the Navy 
Office of Naval Research. One of the most 
active segments of ONR's oceanographic pro- 
gram is marine geophysics. The rapid develop- 
ment of new and more precise techniques for 
measuring the geothermal, magnetic, seismic, 
and gravimetric properties of the earth while at 
sea will allow for a vigorous and expanding re- 
search program in these areas. In addition to 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
localized investigations aimed at understanding 
the detailed structure and dynamic processes in 
specific areas beneath the sea, there will also 
be an expanded program of exploratory geo- 
physics to obtain gross properties over large 
areas. An example of one such program will 
be the geophysical investigations carried out as 
part of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. 
The Office of Naval Research and National 
Science Foundation will jointly support a pro- 
gram for obtaining sediment cores of much 
greater length than has heretofore been possi- 
ble. These cores will be examined to determine 
their physical and chemical properties, geo- 
chronology, paleotemperatures, and fossil con- 
tents. 
Naval Oceanographic Office. During FY 
1964, the Oceanographic Office will give in- 
creased emphasis to study of the acoustic prop- 
erties of the ocean bottom, the exploration of 
the microstructure of the geomagnetic field, 
and the correlation of magnetic anomalies with 
crustal structure. 
Bureau of Ships. The bathyscaph TRIESTE 
will be used to investigate the physical prop- 
erties of the ocean bottom, including the static 
and dynamic properties of sediment and their 
relation to its acoustical properties. In addi- 
tion, sound transmission and reflection char- 
acteristics of sediments will be carried out 
aboard the DAVIS. 
Department of the Army 
Beach Erosion Board, Corps of Engineers. 
The tidal and wave studies, described under 
Objective One, will be directed also toward 
understanding the movements of sand and other 
sediments. Particular attention will be paid 
to erosion of beaches caused by waves gen- 
erated by large storms. 
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
Coast and Geodetic Survey. In FY 1964, 
C&GS will undertake the development of a 
sophisticated technique for analysis of bottom 
sediments from echo sounder records. Fur- 
ther, an intensive geological-geophysical survey 
will be made of the Pacific mid-ocean area ex- 
plored during the 1962-63 Ocean Survey Pro- 
gram. This study will be directed towards 
advancing the knowledge of mid-ocean geomor- 
phology. Research will continue on the geo- 
physical and bathymetric results of the Ocean 
Survey Program in the Pacific and of the Atlan- 
tic Continental Shelf program. 
