NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
It seems clear that academic output at these 
levels will not by itself meet the additional re- 
quirements for professionally qualified personnel 
of the FY 1964 program. Continued expansion 
of in-service training programs will alleviate 
some of this shortage. Some improvement may 
also be achieved by increasing the ratio of tech- 
nicians to scientists in order to free scientists 
for more direct application of their talents to 
research. For future years the research and 
facilities programs of the National Oceanographic 
Program, if properly implemented with this aim 
in mind, could provide a good part of the seeds 
for the augmentation of manpower specifically 
trained in oceanography. For FY 1964, and for 
the next few years of the program, the necessary 
personnel to maintain effective expansion of our 
efforts must come in part from related science 
fields. There is already some evidence that this 
mechanism is currently proving effective; it 
probably will have to be more widely exploited if 
the program as currently planned is to be ade- 
quately staffed during the next two or three years. 
In summary, shortages of qualified person- 
nel now exist in some areas of oceanography. It 
is almost certain that for the next several years 
the number of personnel completing graduate 
training in oceanography and related fields will 
not satisfy the need for research personnel. In 
order to prevent the personnel situation from 
jeopardizing this program, major efforts must 
be made in training programs for agency per- 
sonnel, in the support of graduate students, in 
construction of training facilities, in the more 
effective utilization of present staffs, and, par- 
ticularly for the immediate situation, in the 
recruitment of larger numbers of individuals 
from other scientific fields. 
F. INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS 
Two principal international programs in 
oceanography will officially be part of the 
FY 1964 U. S. National Oceanographic Program: 
the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) 
and the International Cooperative Investigations 
of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA). Both will be 
continuations of efforts undertaken during FY 
1963. 
The ICITA program will concentrate on the 
study of the dynamic properties of the ocean and 
atmosphere and the relation of these properties 
to the fishing potential in the tropical equa- 
torial belt between the east coast of South 
America and the west coast of Africa. Included 
in the program are synoptic oceanographic 
stations to be made by all ships taking 
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part. These will all initiate at the same time 
from the northern part of the area working 
south, thus giving as nearly as possible a syn- 
optic picture of the entire tropical Atlantic. 
Population and productivity studies will be made 
concurrently with physical and chemical inves- 
tigations. Between synoptic surveys, the U. S. 
and U.S.S.R. will occupy selected buoy stations 
to make current measurements. The meteoro- 
logical program will include satellite observa- 
tions. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 
Coast & Geodetic Survey, and several private 
institutions supported with federal funds will 
represent the United States. The National 
Oceanographic Data Center will be the focal 
point for the collation of the results of these 
investigations. 
The Interagency Committee on Oceanog- 
raphy has designated the Bureau of Commercial 
Fisheries as the coordinating agency for this 
effort. A report describing the preliminary 
planning may be found in Appendix A. 
The International Indian Ocean Expedition, 
initially organized under the auspices of the 
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research 
(SCOR), is now being coordinated primarily 
through the Intergovernmental Oceanographic 
Commission. All aspects of oceanography are 
being undertaken in this endeavor, with empha- 
sis on the effect of shifting monsoon conditions 
on the oceanic circulation and biological pro- 
ductivity of the area. Four general programs 
are being pursued. These are: (1) interaction 
of the sea and atmosphere, (2) description of 
the physical and chemical properties of the 
water, (3) investigation of the living population 
and, (4) a study of the geology and geophysics 
of the Indian Ocean Basin. 
It is expected that six U. S. ships and one 
R5D aircraft will participate in the MOE during 
FY 1964. Five of the ships and the aircraft 
will be from civilian research institutions sup- 
ported for the most part by funds from the Na- 
tional Science Foundation and the Office of Naval 
Research. The sixth ship will be from the 
Coast & Geodetic Survey. 
Several international working group meet- 
ings will be held during this period to organize 
an effective mechanism for processing, analyz- 
ing, and interpreting the great quantity of data 
obtained and for making them available to all 
participants. The U. S. participation in the IIOE 
is being coordinated by the National Science 
Foundation. A detailed report of the program 
will be found in Appendix B. 
