534 
2000 meters, with observations to the bottom at 
120 mile intervals. Standard observations from 
all of the 14 participating vessels during the 
15-day periods include: 
1. Temperature, salinity, oxygen and phos- 
phate at each depth sampled at each station; 
2. Measurement of the rate of primary 
productivity using the Carbon 14 isotope tech- 
nique and measurement of the standing crop of 
zooplankton at least once each day; and 
3.. Surface meteorological observations 
(upper air observations from selected vessels). 
In addition to the observations common to 
each vessel, a number of oceanographic, biolog- 
ical, and geophysical programs will be carried 
out by scientists from activities operating the 
vessels or by scientists from other United 
States and foreign oceanographic laboratories 
who will be working aboard the vessels. 
UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION 
IN THE ICITA 
Research Vessel Commitments 
EQUALANT I (February 15 to March 18, 1963) 
Five United States vessels are scheduled to 
participate in EQUALANT I; the CHAIN and 
CRAWFORD (Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti- 
tution), GERONIMO and OREGON (Bureau of 
Commercial Fisheries) and the EXPLORER 
(U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey). As may be 
seen from Figure 1, the GERONIMO will work 
in the Gulf of Guinea, the EXPLORER in the 
central area, the CHAIN and CRAWFORD in the 
western sector and the OREGON in the waters 
off the northeast Coast of Brazil. 
Special requirements imposed by various 
research programs aboard these vessels and 
logistical considerations will result in some 
deviations by individual ships from the sched- 
ules and plans as proposed by participants in 
the IOC Working Group Meeting. 
EQUALANT II (August 1 to August 15, 1963) 
Three U.S. vessels, GERONIMO (Bureau of 
Commercial Fisheries), ALAMINOS (Texas 
A & M) and PILLSBURY (University of Miami) 
are firmly committed to participate in EQUA- 
LANT II; two others are tentatively committed, 
34 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
the HORIZON (Scripps Institution of Oceanog- 
raphy) and an as yet undesignated vessel oper- 
ated by the U.S. Coast Guard. Various U.S. 
Government and University activities, other than 
those directly concerned with vessel operations, 
will participate in the ICITA. 
CONTRIBUTIONS OF PARTICIPATING, 
ORGANIZATIONS 
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU (USWB) 
Marine Unit 
Surface Observations - Surface meteoro- 
logical observations will be assembled from 
each vessel (standard six-hour observations 
forwarded through Radio Central) and from 
other sources in the ICITA area (merchant ves- 
sels and shore stations) for preparation of daily 
forecasts. These forecasts will be transmitted 
to participants each day by the USWB. Where 
necessary, instruments will be provided, vessel 
personnel instructed, and log sheets and instruc- 
tion manuals forwarded to each vessel. Weather 
Bureau observers will be assigned to the EX- 
PLORER, GERONIMO and CHAIN. Subsequent to 
the ICITA field operations, the USWB will pre- 
pare daily summary charts of selected parame- 
ters for publication in the ICITA Atlas. 
Upper Air Observations - The upper air 
observing program includes NWSC supported 
pibal installations of the GERONIMO and CHAIN 
and ONSF supported radio-sonde observations 
from the EXPLORER. The Weather Bureau ob- 
server aboard each of these three vessels will 
be assisted by a member of the scientific party. 
National Weather Satellite Center 
Special Cloud Observations - Observations 
of clouds, including a simple sketch of high, 
middle and low cloud layers and related data, 
are to be made daily from each vessel. During 
daylight hours these observations will be made 
at time of TIROS satellite transits over the 
ICITA area. Supplemental cloud photographs 
will be taken by the USWB observers for corre- 
lation with aircraft and satellite photographs. 
Sea Surface Radiation Measurements - Six 
vessels will be provided with Suomi-Kuhn, 
radiometers to measure long wave radiation 
from the sea surface. 
Airplane Overflights - Overflights of the 
ICITA area by fully instrumented USWB 
