NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
track. Forty-seven piston cores of the bottom 
sediment were obtained. Multiple photographs 
of the bottom were taken at 23 stations. Thirty 
hydrographic stations were occupied and con- 
sisted of serial observations of temperature, 
salinity, and oxygen. Sixteen large volume wa- 
ter samples, representative of all of the water 
masses, were collected for C-14 age determi- 
nation. Biological collections included 11 bot- 
tom trawls and 80 plankton samples. Additional 
observations included measurements of the heat 
flow through the ocean floor, and propagation of 
sound through the SOFAR channel. 
Under the direction of John E. Nafe, as 
Chief Scientist, VEMA made passages from 
Fremantle to Adelaide and from Adelaide to 
Wellington. During the early part of this pro- 
gram seismic refraction measurements were 
undertaken in cooperation with HMAS DIAMAN- 
TINA. During the remainder of the passage the 
program of observations underway and at sta- 
tions was closely similar to that of the Cape 
Town to Fremantle traverse. 
VEMA 18 Itinerary Figure 5 
3 June 62 Leave Cape Town 
20 June 62 Arrive Mauritius 
22 June 62 Leave Mauritius 
12 July 62 Arrive Fremantle 
14 July 62 Leave Fremantle 
1 August 62 Arrive Wellington 
Underway Observations 
Precision depth recordings 
Gravimeter recordings 
Magnetometer total field intensity recordings 
Bathythermograms 
Seismic reflection 
Surface water temperature 
Station Operations 
Seismic refraction profiles 
Gravity cores 
Hydrographic casts 
Large-volume samples for C14, H3 Sr, Cs 
Microbiological sampling 
Plankton sampling 
Bottom trawling for biological specimens 
Sound velocity and transmission measurements 
Bottom temperatures and temperature gradients 
Bottom dredging for rocks 
Bottom photography 
In Port Observations 
Rock collections 
35-377 O—64_36 
545 
Manik Talwani, as Chief Scientist, directed 
the work of VEMA from Cape Town to Mauri- 
tius. Marcus Langseth was in charge from 
Mauritius to Wellington. The underway pro- 
gram included continuous magnetic, topographic, 
gravity, and seismic reflection measurements. 
At the Stations cores and Camera Stations were 
the most common combinations, with more em- 
phasis than usual being placed on plankton sam- 
pling. In the area south of Australia a number 
of bottom trawl stations have been occupied. 
The passage from Bass to Wellington was be- 
gun about July 25th. Particular emphasis is 
placed on comparison of total sediment thick- 
ness with that found in the Atlantic Ocean. 
VEMA 19 (1963) 
VEMA 19 (1963) is being planned to enter 
the Indian Ocean via either Suez or Cape Town, 
proceeding to Kerguelen and thence to Freman- 
tle. The new R/V CONRAD, to be operated by 
Lamont Geological Observatory, will also spend 
three months in the Indian Ocean in 1963. 
During all VEMA cruises, the following 
program is being carried out under the su- 
pervision of the investigators named. Dr. 
Maurice Ewing is the principal investigator on 
all VEMA cruises. 
Bruce Heezen 
J. L. Worzel 
J. R. Heirtzler 
R. Gerard 
J. I. Ewing 
M. Ewing 
Charles Drake 
J. E. Nafe 
J. 1. Ewing 
C. Fray 
R. Gerard 
W. Broecker 
P. R. Burkholder 
Alan Be 
Alan Bé 
J. 1. Ewing 
M. Langseth 
C. Fray 
M. Ewing 
C. L. Drake 
