580 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
IV. INTERPRETATION OF THE FY 1965 OCEANOGRAPHY BUDGET 
A. Balance between Research, Surveys, and Facilities 
The $138 million proposed for FY 1965 repre- 
sents 11% growth over Congressional appropria- 
tions for FY 1964. Considerably below Presidential 
requests, FY 1964 appropriations just equalled FY 
1963 levels. To maintain the effective cutting edge 
of research and training, the new budget has been 
carefully tailored to foster growth in the conduct 
of research. Levels are proposed of $73 million, 
up from $64 million in FY 1964 and $52 million 
in FY 1963. Sustaining this momentum has been 
accomplished by slowing down ship construction. 
In the long run, the program may benefit by this 
decision because of the opportunity deliberately 
taken to evaluate performance of new ships already 
in operation or funded, before proceeding with 
construction of duplicates. Opportunity will also 
thus be afforded to explore the emerging potential 
of such unconventional data gathering tools as 
unmanned buoys, submarines, and FLIP-type plat- 
forms. Growth in research funding is not a direct 
yardstick of growth in program scope, however, 
because unit costs of doing research continue to 
increase annually, and because ship operating ex- 
penditures are now reflecting important additions 
to the oceanographic fleet. 
Another consideration in preparing the FY 1965 
budget was an assessment and confirmation of the 
balance between funds, number of ships, and num- 
ber of available qualified oceanographers. 
B. Areas Selected for Special Emphasis 
Relative emphasis as between goals is best under- 
stood by reference to the budget breakdown by 
agency. As revealed in Table 2, roughly half of 
the budget is supported by the Defense Dept. and 
associated with national security. This is consist- 
ent with the 46% of the total Federal R & D 
budget funded by the Department of Defense. 
New growth in the National Oceanographic pro- 
gram is primarily in the Navy’s component, re- 
flecting heightened interest in environmental fac- 
tors which influence naval performance. 
Considered by problem area, a sharp growth in 
physical oceanography and geophysics, problem 
areas I and IV has resulted. 
Two special substantive areas have been identi- 
fied and earmarked for special emphasis. These 
are the air-sea interaction, problem area II, and 
research in the deep oceans (parts of all five prob- 
lem areas). In both cases, an expansion in research 
effort is being encouraged because of the increas- 
ing opportunities to solve old problems with new 
tools for research—buoys, deep diving submarines, 
telemetering, etc. Inasmuch as program planning 
must precede funding, the attention being directed 
to these areas will not be reflected in later budgets. 
However, special studies are being made that will 
be published as separate reports by the ICO later 
this year. 
Geographical areas receiving special attention 
in Fiscal Year 1965 include: 
a. Indian Ocean: The International Indian 
Ocean Expedition, involving significant support 
from twelve nations, will continue. As field opera- 
tions phase out in FY 1965, attention will center 
on data analysis and dissemination. 
b. Tropical Atlantic: Field operations in the 
International Cooperative Investigation of the 
Tropical Atlantic, involving ten nations, will ter- 
minate. Effort will be mainly devoted to data 
analysis and publication of atlases. 
c. U.S./Japan Investigations of the Pacific: Pur- 
suant to a bilateral agreement between the two 
nations, a number of individual cooperative proj- 
ects in Pacific oceanography will be prosecuted. 
V. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER FEDERAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMS 
To facilitate understanding of the oceanographic 
program, it is important to recall that other pro- 
grams sponsored by the Federal Government con- 
tribute to knowledge of the ocean, although they 
are not catalogued under this definition. For ex- 
ample, basic research in classical disciplines such 
as biology, geophysics, mechanics, and even mathe- 
-] 
matics and now in engineering contribute impor- 
tant fragments of answers to questions about the 
sea. 
Expenditures for basic research as a whole, in- 
cluding oceanography, are expected to grow as 
follows. 
