088 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
Chapter I 
OCEANOGRAPHIC EFFORT 
A. Fields of Research 
1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MOTION 
OF THE SEA: $20,524,000 
Description and understanding of the distribu- 
tion of temperature and salinity, of the velocity of 
ocean currents, and of the concentrations of various 
chemical elements and compounds is central to the 
total oceanographic program. Description is based 
on observations of many kinds taken at sea, and 
understanding develops through the application 
of the methods and principles of mathematics, 
physics, and chemistry to ocean data. Thus, a wide 
range of research contributes to an understanding 
of the physical properties of the sea, and the results 
are applied to the investigation of such diverse 
problems as biological productivity of the sea, ship 
design, and weather forecasting. 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
UNITED STATES NAVY 
Office of Naval Research: $8,682,000 
ONR supports research through contracts with 
umniversities, research institutes, other government 
agencies, and industry. An extensive program will 
be directed at obtaining time series measurements 
of physical quantities in the deep ocean. Long 
range telemetering buoys are being developed by 
the Convair Corporation. Together with the neces- 
sary shore command stations, and sensors, experi- 
mental buoys will be used by Texas A&M, Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography, Lockheed Aircraft 
Corporation, University of Wisconsin, the Navy 
Electronics Laboratory, and other institutions. In 
addition to current studies other experiments will 
be undertaken to determine the energy spectra of 
internal waves both in the open ocean and in con- 
fined bodies of water. 
Oceanographic institutions will intensify at- 
tempts to measure and understand oceanic currents 
and circulation. Direct measurements will be taken 
of the Yucatan and Florida currents in the Gulf 
of Mexico, the Gulf Stream and the equatorial 
currents in the Atlantic, the California and the 
equatorial currents in the Pacific, and the equato- 
rial currents in the Indian Ocean. General circu- 
lation patterns will be studied by using tempera- 
ture-salinity relationships, chemical isotope mea- 
17 
surements, biological population distributions, and 
electronic computer analysis of improved theories. 
Investigation of the Tropical Atlantic will con- 
tinue through investigation in both the Woods 
Hole Oceanographic Institution, New York Uni- 
versity, and Texas A&M as part of the Inter- 
national Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic 
(ICITA) , and investigation of the Indian Ocean 
will continue through the Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography, Lamont Geological Observatory, 
University of Rhode Island, and Woods Hole 
Oceanographic Institution as part of the Interna- 
tional Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). 
* * * 
Naval Oceanographic Office: $1,547,000 
NAVOCEANO supports research through con- 
tract and also conducts in-house research, particu- 
larly that directed toward military planning and 
antisubmarine and mine warfare. 
Investigations of oceanographic conditions in 
the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia and in the Green- 
land Sea will be continued and extended to other 
areas, in collaboration with Canadian oceanog- 
raphers and those from the University of Washing- 
ton. Newly developed buoy capability will be fur- 
ther exploited to study time variations of deep 
ocean currents, their temperature, and other en- 
vironmental conditions. Measurements of back- 
ground isotopic radiation, initiated in FY 1964, 
will continue. Full-scale studies of the use of iso- 
topes in determining the three-dimensional circu-- 
lation patterns of the oceans will be carried out. 
Research and development directed toward im- 
provement of oceanographic instruments and mea- 
surement techniques will be continued. 
* * * 
Bureau of Ships: $1,956,000 
Using improved sensors mounted on oceanogra- 
phic towers, surface ships, and the bathyscaph 
TRIESTE, studies of the distribution of sound 
velocity will be continued. In collaboration with 
the Office of Naval Research, BuShips will sup- 
port the Navy Electronics Laboratory investigations. 
of wave generation and wave spectra. Increased 
emphasis will be placed on an analytical ap- 
proach to accumulated data by combining statistics, 
oceanography, computer technology, and acoustics. 
The degree of stability of oceanographic variables. 
