NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
joint efforts of ONR and NSF, for operation in 
the Indian Ocean during FY 1964 and FY 1965. 
Observations made from this airplane will include 
dropsonde humidity and temperature, wind, solar 
and albedo radiation fluxes, turbulent transport of 
heat and water vapor, nuclei counts, cloud distri- 
bution, and radar observations of precipitation 
areas. 
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography will 
establish a series of wave recorder stations across 
the Pacific Ocean, from New Zealand to the Aleu- 
tian Islands. The purpose of the program will be 
to measure the changes in surface wave spectra 
as the wave trains traverse the ocean and to de- 
termine the effects of the trade winds on these 
spectra. The program was initiated because earlier 
measurements indicated a discrepancy between 
theoretical and observed values. 
* * * 
Naval Oceanographic Office: $865,000 
Emphasis in FY 1965 will be placed on develop- 
ment of specialized sensors and observational tech- 
niques for accurate measuring of energy fluxes 
across the interface. In particular, simultaneous 
observations of the eddy fluxes of momentum and 
heat will be attempted at two elevations near the 
sea surface utilizing extremely sensitive and accu- 
rate cup anemometer and temperature probes now 
under development. Field studies will be con- 
tinued on ARGUS ISLAND, an instrumented 
tower near Bermuda, and these will include joint 
data collections by ship and aircraft whenever 
possible. 
Investigation of time and space variations of 
the surface thermal structure will be continued by 
using airborne radiation thermometer, buoys, and 
survey ships. Particular attention will be paid to 
the installation of accurate and reliable sea sur- 
face temperature sensors on all ships of the synop- 
tic net, to upgrade the reliability of oceanographic 
analyses. Studies of two-dimensional wave spectra 
will be made cooperatively with ONR by using 
stereophotogrammetric techniques augmented by 
joint surface-aircraft platforms. Continued inves- 
tigations of the one-dimensional wave spectra 
within the limits of the linear theory are also 
planned. 
Oceanographic similarities between different re- 
gions will be studied, to develop methods for pre- 
dicting conditions in areas where little or no 
Oceanographic information is presently available. 
* * ¥ 
20 
591 
Bureau of Ships: $500,000 
Laboratory and field work will be conducted by 
the Navy Electronics Laboratory to gain a better 
understanding of the fundamental physics of ice 
formation and breakup. Field observations on tem- 
porary ice stations will be made in cooperation 
with ONR and NAVOCEANO. 
At the Navy Electronics Laboratory, the effect 
of heat balance on energy transfer in ice (ocean 
cryology) will continue in studies of sea-ice physics. 
Computer programming and correlations between 
data furnished by the Weather Bureau and data 
obtained in the field will be sought to predict heat 
radiation levels. Albedo, formation of surface pools, 
and brine processes will be actively investigated 
as factors affecting sea ice thickness and bearing 
strength. Relationships will be established among 
brine content, plane wave velocity, and flexural 
strength. Controlled experiments, including for- 
mation of under-ice brine cells, will continue in 
the laboratory pool. 
* * * 
UNITED STATES ARMY 
Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research 
Center: $200,000 
Recent effort has been directed toward improy- 
ing wave generation theory. Data to be collected by 
automatic reading stations in coastal waters will 
provide valuable data to support the research 
effort. 
The Coastal Engineering Research Center, pres- 
ently engaged in measuring the effect of fetch on 
wave generation, will intensify this effort next year. 
Additional basic data will be provided by install- 
ing five more wave gages in water of limited fetch. 
* * * 
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
Weather Bureau: $208,000 
In addition to carrying out its responsibility to 
the overall program in air/sea interaction which 
was described in the introduction to this section, 
the Weather Bureau plans to carry on the follow- 
ing program. 
A study will be made with the U.S. Lake Sur- 
vey and the University of Michigan of turbulent 
exchange processes near the water surface in Lake 
Michigan, as it contributes to our knowledge of 
similar processes in the ocean. Research will con- 
tinue on the development of a numerical compu- 
tation program for the prediction of storm surges 
