592 
and transient wind generated currents near the 
ocean shore. Empirical storm surge prediction 
methods will also be developed for critical areas 
of the sea coast. These two activities are a part 
of the basic severe storm (hurricane) research pro- 
gram of the Weather Bureau. The empirical 
storm surge program utilizes data from Coast & 
Geodetic Survey supplemented by Army Corps of 
Engineers information. The present air/sea inter- 
action program will be closely integrated with the 
oceanographic activities of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey. 
As a part of its studies of tropical meteorology 
and hurricane research, the Weather Bureau will 
obtain data and information on wind stress at the 
ocean surface by means of surface observations from 
ships or other platforms augmented by data ob- 
tained from aircraft. The Weather Bureau will 
carry out radiosonde and surface synoptic meteoro- 
logical programs, aboard research vessels, in coop- 
eration with the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Na- 
tional Science Foundation, Woods Hole Oceano- 
graphic Institution, and other agencies. 
The Weather Bureau will continue developmen- 
tal work on the “MAMOS” buoy and on portable 
infrared radiometers for use aboard merchant 
ships in obtaining sea-surface temperatures. 
2 2 2 
Coast and Geodetic Survey: $25,000 
Variations in sea level provide a sensitve indi- 
cator of the influence of the atmosphere on the sea. 
As in the past cooperative efforts with the 
Weather Bureau will be continued in studies of 
sea level variations and increased research will be 
conductd to determine the cause of observed “wind 
tides.” Cooperative developmental work on a buoy 
system for measuring interface features will also 
continue. The Coast & Geodetic Survey and 
Weather Bureau expect to initiate a joint project 
on instrument evaluation. The two agencies will 
also cooperate in sponsoring a special symposium 
on air/sea interaction. 
* * * 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: $998,000 
Research on the effect of the atmosphere on the 
ocean is concentrated in the central Pacific trade- 
wind zone and in the eastern Pacific where air/sea 
interaction is thought to have a strong effect upon 
the distribution and abundance of commercially 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
valuable fish, such as tuna. Bureau laboratories 
at Honolulu, San Diego, and Stanford have been 
active in this work for several years. Based on this 
work an expanded program of observation and 
analysis will be directed at understanding changes 
im ocean structure. 
* * = 
National Science Foundation: $300,000 
Major projects currently being supported by NSF 
include studies of energy interchange at the surface, 
conducted at the University of Washington, and 
studies of heat and water vapor exchange between 
ocean and atmosphere, conducted at the University 
of Michigan. Research support will continue to be 
given to these and similar projects, as proposed 
by competent scientists, 
* * * 
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY 
Coast Guard: $60,000 
In 1963 CGC CASCO was outfitted as a proto- 
type installation for oceanographic observations 
from weather ships. By the end of FY 1965, 
twenty-four of the Coast Guard’s 32 ships will have 
been similarly outfitted. By the end of FY 1965 
four offshore towers along the Atlantic Coast will 
be equipped with wave gauges, tide gauges and 
other observational equipment for use in air/sea 
research. A research program dealing with the 
origin, drift, and attrition of ice hazards to navi- 
gation will be continued as part of the Coast Guard 
International Ice Patrol Operations. Research will 
also be conducted to improve search and rescue 
techniques. 
* x * 
8. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: $18,611,000 
A comprehensive understanding of the distribu- 
tion, ecology, physiology, the behavior, and the 
interrelationships of the many marine organisms 
is needed in order to plan wisely for use of the sea 
as a greater source of food and to anticipate the 
response of marine life to environmental changes. 
To achieve such understanding requires a large 
scale collection and identification program, and 
also includes related studies of the physical and 
chemical properties of the ocean in the ocean sedi- 
ments. Thoughtful effort is needed to develop a 
view of marine life on the planetary scale. 
