598 
tracers in studies of feeding and nutrition of marine 
organisms. 
* * * 
Geological Survey: $60,000 
Studies of the distribution and disposal of radio- 
active materials and organic wastes within the 
marine environment will be included as part of 
general studies on marine geology, sedimentation, 
and hydrology referred to earlier in this report. 
* * * 
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION 
AND WELFARE 
The HEW budget includes an estimated $50,000 
for fellowships granted by the Office of Education 
under the National Defense Education Act. These 
fellowships are described under the Manpower 
and Training section of this report. 
* * * 
Public Healih Service: $2,430,000 
PHS has initiated studies on the effects of munic- 
ipal and industrial waste. discharges on water 
quality and aquatic life in the estuaries and in 
coastal areas. These studies will be conducted in 
Raritan Bay, the Chesapeake-Susquehanna River 
Estuary, Puget Sound, Columbia River Estuary, 
and the Delaware River Estuary. Further studies 
will be supported by PHS research grants concerned 
with the following: oceanographic factors affecting 
design of sewers (University of California) ; rela- 
tionship of the environment to ocean pollution 
(University of Southern California) ; methods for 
sea water analysis (New York University); ocean 
outfall diffusers (Oregon State University); estu- 
arial pollution factors (Oregon State University) ; 
insecticides in marine environment (Texas A & M 
Research Foundation) ; metabolism of marine bays 
(University of Texas) ; effects of thermal effluents 
on marine organisms (Virginia Institute of Marine 
Science); feasibility of waste disposal in marine 
environment (University of Southern California) ; 
estuarine pollution problems (University of 
Florida) . 
PHS shellfish sanitation laboratory facilities at 
Kingston, Rhode Island; Dauphin Island, Alabama; 
and Purdy, Washington, will undertake research 
on the fate of pathogenic microorganisms (includ- 
ing viruses) in the marine waters and on the ac- 
cumulation of suspended, colloidal, dissolved, and 
radioactive pollutants by shellfish. Additional re- 
search facilities under construction in Rhode Island 
will be used in investigating the effects of pollution 
27 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
on shellfish and other aquatic life, on recreational 
facilities, and other water use. 
* * * 
Atomic Energy Commission: $4,705,000 
Scientists of BCF, supported by the AEC, will 
continue to study the distribution and abundance of 
fish, shellfish, and other biota in limited oceanic 
and coastal regions of particular concern to the 
AEC. Increasing emphasis will be placed on eco- 
logical studies of the marine food web, to demon- 
strate and measure the cycling of nutrients and 
trace elements. 
A part of the AEC’s marine sciences program will 
be devoted to measuring and defining the chemical 
and physical forms which radionuclides can take in 
sea water. Processes which dilute and those which 
concentrate radionuclides will continue to be 
studied using tracers such as rhodamine-B and 
short-half-life radioisotopes. 
The AEC will support studies to define and to 
measure coastal circulation or to determine the 
possible influences of one estuary on another or of 
the open ocean on a particular estuary. On a large 
scale (ocean basin size), AEC will support studies 
to determine mixing times and circulation patterns. 
Techniques will include measurement of distribu- 
tion of fallout nuclides, cosmogenically formed 
nuclides like carbon-14, and natural partitions of 
activities in the uranium and thorium decay series. 
Studies of oceanic sediments to determine mecha- 
nisms of formation and rate of deposition are 
among other objectives to be pursued. 
* * * 
6. DEEP SEA RESEARCH VEHICLE PROGRAM 
The oceanographic community recognizes an 
urgent need for underseas vehicles to provide an 
additional degree of freedom to oceanographic re- 
search. A few federal agencies have enunciated 
their interest in DRV development, as embodied 
in various chapters of this report. 
To meet the need for concerted attention to the 
development problem, the Interagency Committee 
on Oceanography has documented the scientific 
requirements of many branches of oceanography 
for deep submersibles and selected this area for 
special emphasis beginning in FY 1965. The re- 
quirements and the program proposed to satisfy 
them will be described in an ICO Pamphlet supple- 
mentary to this volume. 
The primary objective of the proposed DRV re- 
