602 
other agencies working in the Pacific. During FY 
1965 they will conduct preliminary cruises in the 
central Pacific to develop methods and test equip- 
ment in preparation for the Trade Wind Zone 
Oceanography Program which will get under way 
with full-scale field operations early in FY 1966. 
The Bureau will continue its studies on surface 
temperature distribution in the eastern Pacific and 
the production of temperature charts. 
BUREAU OF MINES—$30,000 
Pacific 
Survey activity in the Pacific Ocean will be con- 
centrated in the occurrence of minerals in the waters 
and under the seas. The major efforts will be in 
and on the Continental Shelf, although some effort 
may be directed toward the deep sea occurrence of 
manganese nodules and other related minerals. 
U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE—$680,000 
Atlantic 
Continued studies of deterioration of water 
quality in coastal areas affected by urbanization 
and industrial development. Effects on food supply 
and recreational use will be studied. Surveys of 
Atlantic and Gulf Coasts will be directed from 
laboratories at Kingston, Rhode Island and Dau- 
phin Island, Alabama, respectively. 
Pacific 
Studies of coastal waters affected by urban and 
industrial development, and special study of prob- 
lems of deterioration of water quality, to be directed 
from laboratory at Purdy, Washington. 
2. NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA 
CENTER: $1,054,000 
To meet the need for a centralized respository of 
oceanographic data, the National Oceanographic 
Data Center has been established in Washington, 
D.C., under the guidance of an Advisory Board, 
representing six supporting agencies and the Na- 
tional Academy of Sciences. NODC is a central 
clearing house for data received from government 
agencies, scientific institutions, and other nations 
engaged in research and survey work. NODC com- 
piles, processes, and preserves data in a form per- 
mitting rapid retrieval. All ICO programs produce 
data for the NODC. 
dl 
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
C. International Oceanographic Programs 
The importance of international cooperation in 
oceanography has been recognized through the in- 
creased participation of the United States and other 
countries in several intergovernmental oceano- 
graphic programs. This growth is largely attribut- 
able to the work of UNESCO and the Intergovern- 
mental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The 
Commission was launched under the auspices of 
UNESCO, and currently includes fifty member 
governments from all parts of the world. The pur- 
pose of the Commission is to promote scientific 
investigation into the nature and resources of the 
oceans through the concerted action of its mem- 
bers. In bringing together the oceanographers of 
many countries, the Commission has focused atten- 
tion on oceanographic problems beyond the capac- 
ity of individual nations to handle. Deliberations 
of the Commission have also been concerned with 
international problems of data exchange, standard- 
ization of equipment, intercalibration of techniques, 
allocation of radio frequencies for oceanographic 
use, exchange of scientists, and other problenis 
fundamental to successful international coordina- 
tion and cooperation. 
1. INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN 
EXPEDITION (IIOE) 
Although the Indian Ocean’s 28,000,000 square 
miles cover over 14 percent of the earth’s surface, 
relatively little was known or understood about the 
region prior to the initiation of the ILOE in 1960. 
The objective of the IIOE is to delineate the fea- 
tures of the ocean’s topography, circulation, and 
distribution of living organisms. This goal will be 
attained by research efforts in air/sea interaction; 
studies of physical and chemical properties of the 
ocean’s water; investigation of life in the sea; and, 
geological and geophysical studies of the ocean’s 
basin. Most field aspects of the expedition will ter- 
minate in Fiscal Year 1965. 
Nations participating with the United States in- 
clude Australia, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, 
Japan, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand, 
and the United Kingdom. Nearly 40 ships, of which 
12 are American, share responsibility for the field 
operations. 
The U. S. budget for FY 1965 for the IIOE 
amounts to nearly 4.0 million. The United States 
has contributed slightly over one third the total] 
support for this expedition, with most of the re- 
