NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
of much greater accuracy, sensitivity, and reliabil- 
ity for this and other systems. Efforts toward de- 
velopment of standard synoptic instrumentation 
will be increased. This will include continued work 
with ONR in buoy systems, i.e., development of 
anchoring and moving techniques for both sub- 
merged and surface models and appropriate in- 
strument packages for them. 
Public Health Service: $45,000 
PHS is planning to modify present fresh-water 
instruments for use in estuarine and near-shore 
waters. In the first stages of this program, efforts 
are being largely directed towards development of 
instruments for automatic measurements of water 
quality. In addition, automatic recording meters 
will be utilized in estuarine waters. 
C. Facilities: $8,420,000 
Construction and improvement of shore facili- 
ties in FY 1965 will continue at about the same 
funding level as in FY 1964. About 65 per cent 
of this effort will enlarge the research and training 
capacity of private institutions. The remainder will 
be used for the modernization of existing Federal 
laboratories and for the financing of a limited pro- 
gram of new Federal construction. Outlines of 
programs by agency follow. 
Coast and Geodetic Survey: $360,000 
The C&GS has scheduled development of the 
Norfolk Ship Base in FY 1965 as outlined in Phase 
V of its master plan. This stage will complete the 
conversion of the base to a modern facility for ship 
support and data processing. The channel is to be 
dredged and the administrative office constructed. 
Office of Naval Research: $2,000,000 
The ONR is sponsoring the construction of dock- 
ing facilities at the Narragansett Marine Laboratory 
of the University of Rhode Island to expand the 
present pier to accommodate the new 180 foot 
research vessel. Increased pier space is also being 
provided for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti- 
tution where present space is inadequate. 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: $2,500,000 
The BCF proposes to build a $1.5 million labor- 
atory at Miami, Florida, which will serve as head- 
quarters for research in the tropical Atlantic. Ex- 
tensive work in exploratory fishing, oceanography, 
and biology will be needed to develop the food 
resources of this area, making the establishment of 
the laboratory basic to a successful program. A new 
37 
607 
$1 million biological laboratory is planned for Mil- 
ford, Connecticut, to replace the present one which 
is old and inadequate. It will be concerned with 
specialized large-scale studies on the artificial cul- 
ture of shellfish and on the control of shellfish 
predators. 
Geological Survey: $30,000 
The USGS is establishing a marine research facil- 
ity in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. 
This installation will serve as a base for marine 
geological, geophysical, and hydrological studies of 
the Pacific Ocean floor. 
Coast Guard: $30,000 
The CG is continuing structural additions to 
two light towers now under construction to permit 
oceanographic measurements to be made. Surveys 
from CG light towers will be made in conjunction 
with the Fish and Wildlife Service, CkGS, Weather 
Bureau, Corps of Engineers, and private research 
laboratories. 
National Science Foundation: $3,500,000 
(Estimate) 
NSF will invest about $3.5 million in shore facil- 
ities at universities and other nongovernment re- 
search institutions. Precisely what facilities will 
be built and for whom, will be decided after pro- 
posals are received and evaluated by NSF. 
D. Manpower and Training: ($1.6 Million)* 
Achievement of the long range goal in oceanog- 
raphy depends critically on (a) the training in our 
universities of an adequate number of high caliber 
scientists to direct and carry out a research pro- 
gram which is certain to become technically and 
scientifically more complex, and (b) the training 
of technicians capable of carrying out much of the 
observational and laboratory program and of man- 
ning the needed expansion of ocean engineering. 
Sources of Trained Oceanographers 
A 1962 study by the ICO reported that 35 insti- 
tutions offer courses in the “marine sciences,’’ 29 
institutions offer graduate courses, and graduate 
degrees are granted by 17 institutions. A study con- 
ducted by the Office of Education, summarized in 
the following table, shows that between 1959 and 
* This is included in the tabulations of research budgets. 
The figures reported here include federal support of fellow- 
ships and employee training programs in oceanography, but 
do not include stipends paid to student research assistants 
(which are also included under the appropriate research 
categories) . 
