NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 671 
EXCHANGE WORK (Non-Reimbursable) 
The NODC continued to encourage and develop oceanographic data exchange programs 
with all activities. Punch cards for 5,233 Japanese oceanographic stations were added to the archives 
of Pacific holdings. Approximately 1,220 stations were forwarded, in publication format, to the 
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) in exchange for receipt of the same data 
in raw form. 
The establishment of data centers in Canada and Australia should facilitate and, to some 
degree, increase the exchange of data with these countries. It is expected data centers will also 
be organized in the near future in Japan and Great Britain. Exchange was initiated through World 
Data Center A (WDC-A) for Oceanography with the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) 
and International Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA). It is expected that practically all 
data from international expeditions in the future will be acquired through WDC-A. It is also likely 
that all oceanographic data for declared national programs from 1960 onwards will be acquired 
through WDC-A. When this is an officially recognized requirement the work load in WDC-A will 
probably double. 
On 7—10 August 1962, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Working 
Group on Data Exchange met at the NODC. Dr. Jacobs attended as representative for WDC-A. 
This meeting and its accomplishments are further discussed under ‘‘IGY World Data Center A, 
Oceanography” in this report. 
Table 5, Detailed List of Data Exchanges, shows the countries and institutions with which 
NODC exchanged station and bathythermograph data. The cost to NODC is also itemized. It should 
be pointed out that one of the chief advantages to the exchange program isa financial one; namely, 
the high ship/observer costs involved to obtain data vs. the low cost to process data taken by and 
available from others. It has been estimated, for example, that acquisition of station data through 
the exchange program pays off ona ratio of 100:1 (observing costs: processing costs). 
TABLE 4 
SUMMARY OF DATA EXCHANGES 
NO. OF NO. OF 
EXCHANGES TYPE OF DATA OBSERVATIONS COST TO NODC 
9 Ocean stations 10,973 $ 649.00 
16 BT prints 45,620 2,281.10 
1 Computed punch 5233 250.00 
cards (stations) 
GRAND 
TOTAL 26 56,593 $3,180.10 
13 
