NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 695 
small room, and makes his needs known. The scientific fishermen associated with 
the station usually manage to have the needed animals waiting for the investigator 
the next morning. One of the early fishermen for the station became so interested 
that he developed into a first rate specialist in his own right - Salvatore lo 
Bionco. A season at Naples is considered an essential part of the life of marine 
biologists, and there are few who have not done some research at the famous 
Stazione Zoologica. 
There is only one such station as Naples. 
About ten years after the establishment of Naples the English established 
The Laboratory at Plymouth. As to be expected, this was peculiarly British, and 
from its inception, was a mingling of pure and applied science, for one of the 
patrons was the Royal Fishmonger's Company. Until the last few years, there was 
no large permanent staff at Naples, but Plymouth has always had resident natural- 
ists, who have worked on problems of fisheries, interrelations of plants and 
animals in the sea and similar problems which are considered by many to be the 
stuff of marine biology. The Staff at Plymouth numbers 17 or 20 resident scientists 
at this time, exploring not only the venerable classical lines of zoology at the 
seasnore, but the problems of life in the sea. 
In 1886 the principal marine laboratory in North America was established at 
Woods Hole. This was actually the successor of summer seaside laboratories started 
by Louis Agassiz -- perhaps at the instigation of a geologist, Nathaniel Southgate 
Shaler, a decade or so before. Woods Hole again is a different institutition - 
administered by a private corporation and not directly affiliated with any single 
university, although students and faculty members from many universities go there 
during the summer. The summer population consists of hundreds of people. The 
rest of the year the great buildings are for the most part vnoccupied, although 
this last year a resident staff was added to undertake studies of the abundances 
and changes of marine life in the area and to continue the still incompleted task 
of systematics -- identifying and cataloging the kinds of animals and plants. 
Woods Hole has become so crowded that serious consideration has been given 
to the idea of a "Woods Hole of the West'', There are many advantages to the Woods 
Hole idea, especially the opportunity for investigators to meet and exchange ideas 
-- although some of them do not study marine organisms at all, but there is also 
some concern about the advisability of another such establishment which would 
have so much unoccupied space for a large part of the year. 
The nearest counterpart to Woods Hole on the Pacific Coast is the Friday 
Harbor Laboratory of the University of Washington, located on San Juan island in 
Pugest Sound. This is actually the second marine station to be established on the 
Pacific coast, founded about nine years later than the Hopkins Marine Station of 
Stanford University at Pacific Grove. The original idea behind this station was 
somewhat similar to that of Woods Hole, -- it was to be a joint enterprise of 
several institutions. However, it is now essentially a part of the zoology depart- 
ment of the University of Washington. Unfortunately its insular location has made 
it difficult to undertake year round operations, and it remains primarily a summer 
teaching and research station. 
Stanford's marine station, founded in 1892, is a year round station. This 
laboratory has a permanent staff of half a dozen investigators and has recently 
gone to sea in a spectacular way with the TeVega, a sort of scientific school ship 
for marine biologists. Currently in the Indian Ocean, TeVega carries a dozen 
