62. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC 

 TUNAS : ICCAT 



Though organized in 1966, ICCAT did not come into force until 

 1969. Its functions are to promote research on the stocks of 

 Atlantic tunas and to recommend methods for their conservation. 

 Member nations are Brazil, Canada, Cuba, France, Ghana, Ivory Coast, 

 Japan, Korea, Morocco, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, and 

 the United States. While FAO was instrumental in organizing ICCAT, 

 the Commission is an independent organization. 



63. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE NORTH WEST ATLANTIC 

 FISHERIES: ICNAF 



Established by international convention in 1950, ICNAF helps 

 investigate, protect, and conserve the fisheries of the Northwest 

 Atlantic, west of longitude 42°W and north of latitude 39°N. It 

 sponsors oceanographic investigations of fish stocks and proposes 

 conservation measures. Its standing committees include the Standing 

 Committee for Research and Statistics (STACRES) which provides advice 

 on fishing conservation. Canada, United States, and a number of 

 European countries were member countries. In 1977-78, both Canada 

 and the United States withdrew their membership from ICNAF, because 

 much of its responsibilities covered areas incorporated in the 200- 

 mlle Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) established by each country. 

 Plans are currently being developed to replace ICNAF with a new 

 organization known as the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization 

 (NAFO). 



64. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF 

 THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: ICSEM 



An intergovernmental regional scientific organization estab- 

 lished in 1919, ICSEM promotes research in the Mediterranean and 

 serves as a liaison between scientists and laboratories throughout 

 the region. It was one of the sponsors of the Cooperative Investi- 

 gations in the Mediterranean (CIM) Program, which is now in abeyance. 



65. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA: ICES 

 Established in 1901, ICES is recognized as the oldest of the 



international regional organizations in the fields of oceanography 

 and fishery research. Its prime area of interest is the northeastern 

 Atlantic Ocean; it also has worldwide interest. Annual meetings are 

 held. Through standing committees and working groups, it encourages 

 various research connected with the exploration of the seas. It 

 coordinates the marine science activities of its participating coun- 

 tries, which include most of the countries of Europe, Iceland, 

 Canada, and, recently, the United States. It operates the Service 

 Hydrographlque, a center forming part of the World Data Center 

 system and responsible for maintaining and servicing data from the 

 ICES area of interest and data contributed by member countries. The 

 Service Hydrographlque acted as the Regional Data Center (RDC) for 

 the recently terminated Cooperative Investigations of the Northern 

 Part of the Eastern Central Atlantic (CINECA). 



In addition, ICES is a scientific adviser to the International 

 Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF); the North- 

 east Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC); and the Commission on 

 Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources in the Baltic Sea 

 and the Belts, which was organized in 1974 at the recommendation of 

 ICES. 



In 1977, ICES established an Advisory Committee on Fishery Manage- 

 ment (ACFM) comprising the chairmen of the several special committees 



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