82. NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION: NEAFC 



The Permanent Commission of the International Fisheries Conven- 

 tion (PCIFC) was established in 1946 to enforce the provisions of the 

 1946 International Fisheries Convention regulating meshes of fishing 

 nets and the size limits of fish. PCIFC was superseded in 1959 by 

 NEAFC, which works closely with both the International Council for 

 the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the International Commission 

 for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF). With the latter, it 

 shares in a mutual policing system whereby enforcement officers may 

 board ships and inspect fishing vessels of member countries while 

 on the high seas. 



83. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL COMMISSION: NPFSC 



Though not formally established until 1958, in accordance with 

 the Convention of 1957 between Great Britain, Japan, USSR, and United 

 States, NPFSC has antecedents that date to the Fur Seal Treaty of 

 1911. It is responsible for formulating and coordinating research 

 programs to achieve the objects of the Convention, which are to 

 ensure the maximum sustained productivity of the fur seal resources. 



84. NORTH SEA HYDROGRAPHIC COMMISSION: NSHC 



In realization of the growing hydrographic problems in the 

 North Sea and the need for mutual cooperation to solve the problems, 

 Dutch and Swedish hydrographers proposed the establishment of a North 

 Sea Hydrographic Commission, which was formally established in 1962. 

 It patterned itself somewhat on the Scandinavian Hydrographic Union 

 (SHU), and three member nations serve on both organizations — Denmark, 

 Norway, and Sweden. Other members of NSHC are Federal Republic of 

 Germany, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands. NSHC was re- 

 sponsible for the cooperative hydrographic survey that resulted in 

 the 4-sheet International Chart of the North Sea. It is now con- 

 cerned with the exploration and use of the Sea for energy sources 

 and is developing policies relative to these activities. It is 

 developing deepwater routes and the means of displaying them on 

 charts. Cooperative training programs are also being developed. 



85. NORTH SEA INTERNATIONAL CHART COMMISSION: NSICC 

 Established in 1973 upon recommendation of the North Sea Hydro- 

 graphic Commission, NSICC includes Canada, Denmark, France, Federal 

 Republic of Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United 

 Kingdom, and United States. It is responsible for establishing 

 specifications for international charts of the North Sea on medium 

 and large scales. 



86. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT: OECD 

 Established in 1961, replacing the Organization for European 



Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which was formed in 1948, OECD is 

 responsible for promoting economic growth and financial stability, 

 for developing the world economy, and for expanding world trade. 



It sponsors intergovernmental services for shipping and related 

 marine activities and has a standing committee on fishing. It en- 

 tourages economic development of marine resources in the developing 

 countries and promotes cooperative research between laboratories 

 working in similar fields. One of its cooperative projects, research 

 into the causes of fouling and corrosion of ship hulls, led to the 

 establishment of the Permanent International Committee for Research 

 on the Preservation of Materials in the Marine Environment, 



An Environment Committee (OECD/ENV) was organized within OECD to 

 deal with the economic implications of environmental problems and 



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