to advance cooperation in dealing with these matters among its member 

 nations. Several cooperative environmental projects deal with the 

 technical and economic aspects of water pollution. 



The European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA) was established within 

 OEEC in 1957. Still a part of OECD, ENEA has responsibilities that 

 include a special interest in the management and disposition of 

 radioactive wastes in the marine environment. 



87. ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY: OAU 



Organized in 1963 to coordinate cultural, political, scientific, 

 and economic policies among the African members, OAU succeeded to 

 the functions of many previous organizations that dated back to 1958. 

 In 1965 , it absorbed the Commission for Technical Cooperation in 

 Africa South of the Sahara, known as CCTA for its French name. Com- 

 mission pour la Cooperation Technique en Afrique, which was then 

 renamed the Scientific Technical Research Commission (OAU/STRC). 

 Among other projects, OAU/STRC and its predecessor, CCTA, sponsored 

 the Guinean Trawling Survey (GTS). It is currently coordinating a 

 unified African approach to issues involved in the Law of the Sea 

 Conference (LOSC). 



The Scientific Council for Africa, known as CSA, for Conseil Sci- 

 entifique d' Afrique, established in 1965 and composed of scientists 

 representing the main scientific disciplines important to the devel- 

 opment of Africa, provides scientific advice to OAU. The Inter- 

 African Committee for Oceanography, Marine Biology, and Sea and 

 Inland Fisheries, established in 1972 upon recommendation of CSA, 

 advises OAU on the development of training and education, establis- 

 hment of regional fishery research institutions, elaboration of 

 international conventions on fishery jurisdictions, and management 

 and conservation of the living resources of the sea. 



88. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES: OAS 



Though formally established in 1951, OAS has antecedents that 

 date back to 1890 with the establishment of the International Union 

 of American Republics, later known as the Pan American Union (PAU). 

 With the establishment of OAS, PAU became the general secretariat 

 responsible for carrying out programs and other administrative 

 activities of OAS. 



In its charter, OAS is described as a regional agency within U.N. 

 This affiliation is, however, limited to the settlement of disputes 

 and maintenance of peace; in all other activities it acts indepen- 

 dently of UN. 



In recent years OAS has expanded its interests in marine areas and 

 now promotes a Multinational Marine Science Project (MMSP) to support 

 research particularly in the coastal and continental shelf areas. It 

 is cooperating in marine projects in 12 countries and helps maintain 

 14 research centers offering training, facilities, and data. Assis- 

 tance for fishery projects is another major area of interest. Many 

 of its activities are carried out through the Inter-American Economic 

 and Social Council (lA-ECOSOC), which promotes scientific research 

 in areas of common interest. 



Among its several specialized and autonomous organizations are two 

 that have some interests in marine sciences: the Pan American Insti- 

 tute of Geography and History (PAIGH), originally established in 

 1928, encourages and supports activities in oceanography; and the 

 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) serves as the regional 

 office of the World Health Organization (WHO) and has activities, 

 including those in the marine field, that parallel those of WHO. 



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