95. UNITED STATES- JAP AN COOPERATIVE PROGRAM IN NATURAL 

 RESOURCES : UJNR 



Established in 1964 by bilateral agreement between Japan and 

 the United States, UJNR promotes coordination of efforts between the 

 two nations and encourages the exchange of scientists, data, and 

 information. Activities of the overall program include the United 

 States- Japan Science Program (UJSP) , which includes basic and academic 

 ocean research. UJSP receives guidance from the Marine Resources 

 and Engineering Coordinating Committee (MRECC) of UJNR. UJNR estab- 

 lishes many panels that Change as needed to work in specific areas. 

 As of 1977 panels actively involved in marine science affairs were 

 the Sea Bottom Surveys Panel, the Panel on Marine Observations and 

 Forecasting, the Panel on Marine Electronics and Communications, the 

 Panel on Diving Technology, the Panel on Marine Mining, the Panel on 

 Marine Geology, and the Panel on Marine Facilities. 



96. UNITED STATES-SPAIN SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION 



In accordance with a treaty signed in August 1970, Spain and 

 the United States cooperate in several scientific programs, one of 

 which is the Sahara Upwelling Experiment (SUE), in the CINECA area. 



97. UNITED STATES-UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS JOINT 

 COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN WORLD OCEAN STUDIES 



Though the United States and the Soviets have been Cooperating 

 informally in oceanographic activities for many years, the coopera- 

 tion was formalized by signed agreement on June 19, 1973. The Joint 

 Committee meets once a year to implement the program. Areas of coop- 

 eration include studies of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction, 

 ocean currents and ocean dynamics, geochemistry and marine chemistry, 

 geological and geophysical investigations, biological productivity and 

 biochemistry, and intercalibration and standardization of instruments 

 and methods. As a result of the agreement, the Soviets plan Contrib- 

 ute and participate in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) , which 

 has been renamed the International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD). 



98. UNITED STATES-UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS JOINT 

 WORKING GROUP ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE ORGANISMS 

 Organized under the terms of the Agreement on Cooperation in the 



Field of Environmental Protection, signed by the two countries in 

 May 1972, the Joint Committee explores and proposes mutual cooperative 

 programs for Controlling pollution of the ocean waters. The program 

 also calls for the exchange of information on research activities in 

 the field. As a result of the agreement, the Joint Group approved the 

 establishment of a joint marine environmental monitoring network to 

 measure the effects of pollution on marine organisms and to dissemi- 

 nate the data. A bimonthly journal, to be published simultaneously in 

 both countries, is planned. Exchange of scientists is also planned. 



99. WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY: CEAO 



Known by the initials of its French name, Communaute Economique 

 de I'Afrique de I'Ouest and sometimes by the initials ECOWAS, Economic 

 Community of West African States, CEAO was originally established by 

 treaty in 1959 as the Customs Union of West African Countries and 

 renamed in 1974. Its functions include promoting cooperation and 

 development in all fields of economic activities among its member 

 states. It is concerned with the conservation and development of 

 fishery resources, development of ports and fishing fleets, promotion 

 of fishing industries, and the harmonization of fishery legislation 

 among its member countries. 



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