B. NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 

 International Council of Scientific Unions 



100. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS: ICSU 

 Established in 1919 as the International Research Council (IRC) 



and renamed the International Council of Scientific Unions in 1931, 

 ICSU facilitates and coordinates activities of the international 

 scientific unions. Six unions composed IRC when it was first created. 



New unions may be added upon appropriate justification, and 18 now 

 make up the Council as follows : 



International Astronomical Union: lAU 

 International Geographical Union: IGU 

 International Union of Biochemistry: lUB 

 International Union of Biological Sciences: lUBS 

 International Union of Crystallography: lUC 

 International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics: lUGG 

 International Union of Geological Sciences: lUGS 

 International Union of Pharmacology: lUPHAR 

 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: lUPAC 

 International Union of Pure and Applied Physics: lUPAP 

 International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics: lUPAB 

 International Mathematical Union: IMU 

 International Union of Radio Science: lURS 



International Union of History and Philosophy of Science: lUHPS 

 International Union of Nutritional Sciences: lUNS 

 International Union of Physiological Sciences: lUPS 

 International Union of Theoretical and Applied 



Mathematics: lUTAM 

 International Union of Immunological Societies (lUIS) 



At its 15th General Assembly, held in 1967, lAPSO — the International 

 Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean and a member of 

 the International Union of Geology and Geophysics (lUGG) — proposed 

 the creation of an International Union of Marine Sciences (lUMS). The 

 proposal has yet to be accepted. Opposition to such a union Centers 

 on the Interdisciplinary nature of oceanography; many on the Council 

 feel that scientists prefer to be associated with their fellow scien- 

 tists in the major discipline of their choice, e.g., geology, chem- 

 istry, biology. 



Each union within ICSU comprises one or more independent associa- 

 tions, each representing a discipline falling within the scope of 

 the parent union. Associations of interest to marine scientists are 

 included in the more detailed descriptions of the several unions 

 with interests in the marine sciences that follow. Most important 

 to marine scientists are lAPSO, a member of lUGG; lABO, a member of 

 lUBS; and CMG, a commission within lUGS. Entries 101 through 132 

 pertain to ICSU. 



101. INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL UNION: IGU 



Founded in 1922 to promote the study of geographical problems, 

 IGU initiates and coordinates research and provides for scientific 

 discussion and publication. It promotes two permanent services of 

 interest, the Bibllographie Geographique Internationale and the 

 Bibliographie Cartographle Internationale. 



Commissions are appointed as needed. One recently active but now 

 defunct group was the Commission on the International Hydrological 

 Decade. The now defunct Commission on Coastal Geomorphology evolved 



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