180. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SURVEYORS: FIG 



The acronym FIG stands for its French title: Federation Inter- 

 nationale des Geometres. FIG, founded in 1878, promotes cooperation 

 among surveyors. In 1968 it included hydrographid surveying on its 

 program for the first time, and in 1972 established a Commission 

 for Hydrographic Surveying. 



181. INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS: IGC 



The First International Geological Congress, held in 1878, was 

 organized to provide for international cooperation on matters of 

 geological dlassif ication and nomenclature. It is loosely organized 

 and has no permanent secretariat. Host countries administer the 

 meetings, which are held every 3 to 4 years. Between sessions a 

 Bureau, elected at the previous General meeting, conducts the busi- 

 ness of the Congress. lUGG serves as the permanent steering commit- 

 tee; however, the Union and the Congress are separate entities. 



Commissions are created by each Congress, and some achieve a semi- 

 permanent status. Commissions of concern to marine scientists include 

 those on the Statigraphic Lexidon, the Study of the Earth's Crust, 

 the Geological Map of the World (CGMW), and the Division and Study 

 of the Kirroo (Gondawana). 



182. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PEACE AND CONFLICT RESEARCH: 

 SIPRI 



Established in 1966 and located in Stockholm, Sweden, SIPRI 

 studies many aspects of peaCe and conflict and sponsors pertinent 

 symposiums. The effective use of the oceans is a major topic of 

 study. 



183. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MARITIME CULTURE: IIMC 



This Institute is an organization of individuals interested in 

 the literary, artistic, and sociological aspects of the study of the 

 sea. 



184. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: IIPO 



This Institute was proposed by the former Group of Experts on 

 Long-Term Scientific Policy and Planning (GELTSPAP). 



185. INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSOCIATION: ILA 



Founded in 1873 to study and advance public and private inter- 

 national law, ILA includes committees on water resources law and on 

 deep-sea mining. Both, especially the latter, have concentrated on 

 questions relating to the breadth of the Continental Shelf; types of 

 international regimes appropriate for the control of the ocean floor 

 beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; pollution; and liability 

 for methods of submarine research and activities that damage persons, 

 property, and other users of the seas. 



186. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME RADIO COMMITTEE: CIRM 



Founded in 1928, CIRM, an adronym based on the French title, 

 Comite International de Radio-Maritime, comprises representatives 

 from communications and electronics manufacturers, ship radio opera- 

 tors, radio-manning organizations, radio repair and service companies, 

 and others who provide service, advide, and guidance to their respec- 

 tive governments on international communications matters. CIRM par- 

 ticipates as an observer in IMCO, ICAO, and ITU meetings, and this 

 participation has helped promote a better understanding of ocean sta- 

 tion vessel operations and search and rescue communications at sea. 



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