217. WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS: WWICS 

 Established in Act of Congress (U.S.) in 1968, WWICS sponsors 



a fellowship program for 40 scholars, half of whom are appointed 

 from Countries outside the United States. In Cooperation with other 

 international organizations, it sponsors a Continuing, selective, 

 annotated bibliographic service Covering the documentation and papers 

 prepared for the UN Conference on the Human Environment. It also pub- 

 lishes other bibliographic works, including bibliographies relating 

 to marine sciences. 



218. WORLD DREDGING ASSOCIATION: WODA 



An international organization founded in 1967 with members 

 from 32 countries dedicated to the advancement of dredging techno- 

 logy, WODA sponsors international conferences, identified as WODCON 

 or World Dredging Conferences. 



219. WORLD ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES COUNCIL: WERC 



A forum organized in 1973, WERC provides a means for exchange 

 of information on the environment and Earth resources. At one time 

 its proposed name was the World Environment Institute (WEI). WERC 

 is composed of national organizations; the U.S. representative is 

 the U.S. Environment and Resource Council (USREC) . 



220. WORLD FEDERATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF ANIMALS: WFPA 

 Established in 1950, WFPA protects the welfare of animals and 



relieves their suffering wherever possible. It makes an active 

 effort in preventing the exploitation of seals and controlling their 

 slaughter. 



221. WORLD FEDERATION OF ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONS: WFEO 

 Founded in 1968 to advance engineering as a profession, WFEO 



lends support to ECOR. 



222. WORLD FEDERATION OF UN ASSOCIATIONS: WFUNA 



A nongovernmental organization founded in 1946, WFUNA promotes 

 the interaction of people with groups sponsored by the United Nations. 



223. WORLD UNDERWATER FEDERATION: CMAS 



Founded in 1959, CMAS stands for its French title. Confedera- 

 tion Mondiale des Activities Subaquatiques. Its purposes are to 

 develop underwater activities and encourage inventions and new pro- 

 duction in the field. 



224. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND: WWF 



Founded in 1961, WWF holds a conference every 3 years. Its 

 purpose is to cionserve world fauna, flora, forests, landscapes, 

 water, soils, and other natural resources. Two of its major inter- 

 ests have been to conserve whales and to prevent the destruction of 

 the ecology of the Island of Aldabra in the Indian Ocean. 



C. JOINT GOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 



Intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations often cooper- 

 ate in areas of mutual concern. In the marine sciences, every effort 

 is made to encourage this cooperation and members of one group are 

 often invited to attend meetings of another group. From time to time 

 representatives of two or more organizations may form a specialized 

 group. Several are described below. 



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