292. INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL PROGRAM: IHP 



In 1972, to ensure continuing cooperative research in hydrol- 

 ogy, the Coordinating Council of IHD approved an International Hy- 

 drological Program to begin in 1975 at the close of IHD. Objectives 

 of IHP include investigations of large-scale processes of moisture 

 transfers; quantitative and qualitative assessments of the effects 

 of human activities on the water cycle; dissemination of informa- 

 tion on new methods for measuring, computing, and forecasting water 

 balance elements; and education and training of people in hydrology 

 and the field of water resources. Details for IHP were worked out 

 at the End-of-the-Decade Conference held in September 1974, 



293. INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION: IIOE 



Conceived by SCOR in 1957 as a large-scale, multination, multi- 

 ship, multidisciplinary coordinated study of the Indian Ocean, IIOE 

 lasted from 1959 to 1965. In 1962, responsibility for coordinating 

 the program was transferred to IOC; SCOR retained an advisory role 

 regarding scientific disciplines. WMO and FAO also participated. 



An Indian Ocean Biological Centre (lOBC) was established in Cochin 

 in 1963 to serve as a sorting station for zoological samples. An 

 International Meteorological Centre (IMC) was established in Bombay 

 under the supervision of WMO to handle meteorological data. Copies 

 of all data are in or will be sent to the two world data centers for 

 oceanography. 



Numerous publications relating to IIOE have or are being compiled. 

 UNESCO has published an eight-volume series of collected reprints, 

 accompanied by a separate index, based on the research. Atlases 

 showing physical/ chemical oceanographic data, geology, and meteoro- 

 logical data are now available. 



294. INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN FISHERY SURVEY AND DEVELOPMENT 

 PROGRAMME 



The programme, which was proposed in 1971, is sponsored by 

 lOFC/FAO and funded by UNDP. 



295. INTERNATIONAL PHASE OF OCEAN DRILLING: IPOD 



IPOD had its origins in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 

 sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). It began 

 in 1968 and was largely conducted by the Scripps Institution of 

 Oceanography (SIO) with technical support and advice from the Joint 

 Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). Since 

 1973 a number of other countries have participated in the program, 

 renamed the International Program of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) to reflect 

 this international cooperation, 



IPOD was scheduled to end in 1979. However, with the many improve- 

 ments in ocean drilling technology being developed, a conference on 

 the Future of Scientific Ocean Drilling (FUSOD) was held in 1977, 

 and recommendations were made to extend IPOD into the 1980' s. 



296. INTERNATIONAL WEDDELL SEA OCEANOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION: IWSOE 



The first IWSOE was conducted from 1968 to 1970 and consisted 

 of physical, biological, geological, and current observations in the 

 southern Weddell Sea where the major portion of the Antarctic Bottom 

 Waters (AABW) originate. Argentina, Norway, and United States par- 

 ticipated. 



A second IWSOE was held in 1975 to extend the physical oceanograph- 

 ic investigations to the unexplored western part of the Sea and to set 

 two long-term current meter moorings in the northern part of the Sea. 



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