340. UPPER MANTLE PROJECT: UMP 



Also called the International Upper Mantle Project (lUMP), UMP 

 was sponsored by ICSU and coordinated by the Upper Mantle Committee 

 (UMC). Its projects included the seaward extension of the Transcon- 

 tinental Geophysical Traverse of the United States and studies of the 

 ocean floors. UMP originated in 1964 and terminated in 1970. Many 

 of the theories it offered are being studied under the International 

 Geodynamics Project (IGP). 



341. WORLD MOLLUSCA CENSUS 



Begun in June 1972 and conducted by the Paleontological Research 

 Library, Charlotte, N.C., as a means of compiling field data on the 

 marine biota of mollusca from the world's oceans. Data will be stored 

 in the world data centers for oceanography. 



342. WORLD WEATHER PROGRAM 



Conceived by WMO in 1966, the program consists of a systems 

 design and technological effort and two major subprograms, GARP and 

 WWW, described in entries 343 through 353. 



The goals of the World Weather Program are to extend the time 

 range and scope of weather predictions, develop means for assessing 

 the consequences to global environmental quality of man's pollution 

 of the atmosphere, determine the feasibility of large-scale weather 

 modification and the consequences of human interference with weather 

 processes, and establish new bonds of international cooperation and 

 joint activity to meet the needs of nations concerning atmospheric 

 conditions. 



343. GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH PROGRAMME: GARP 



Conceived by WMO in 1965 as a global experiment to study the 

 general circulation of the atmosphere, GARP is a joint WMO/ICSU 

 enterprise. GARP has many subprograms; because of the interaction 

 between the atmosphere and the oceans, many, if not most, subprograms 

 include activities with oceanographic interests. GARP programs may 

 be national or international depending on how much interest nationals 

 have in the various proposals. Programs, subprograms, and other 

 terms associated with GARP are described in the entries 344-352. 



A GARP Activities Office (GAO), established in 1975, manages the 

 various GARP subprograms. Upon its creation, it undertook the man- 

 agement of GATE, formerly handled by an International Scientific 

 and Management Group (ISMG). A Joint Organizing Committee (JOG) 

 composed of scientists from ICSU and WMO establishes scientific 

 goals and develops overall plans for GARP. 



344. AIR-MASS TRANSFORMATION EXPERIMENT: AMTEX 



A subprogram conducted in 1974 and 1975, AMTEX was originated 

 by the Japanese. The purpose of AMTEX was to clarify the transfer 

 processes by which energy and momentum are supplied from the sea 

 surface to the air and transported to the free atmosphere through 

 the planetary boundary layer. The area chosen for study is the East 

 China Sea and the area surrounding the southwest Japanese Islands. 



345. BARBADOS OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL EXPERIMENT: 

 BOMEX 



Sponsored by the United States, initiated in 1967, and con- 

 ducted in 1969, BOMEX had the primary goal of measuring the fluxes of 

 heat, moisture, and momentum between the ocean and atmosphere using 

 as many platforms as possible — ships, buoys, aircraft. Data from 

 BOMEX were reduced by the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological 



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