Fisheries Advisory Committee (MAFAC), which ensures that policies and 

 programs relating to marine fisheries are adequate to meet the needs 

 of commercial and sport fishermen, consumers, and other national in- 

 terests; the Coastal Zone Management Advisory Committee (CZMAC) whose 

 members are selected on a geographic basis and who possess a broad 

 range of experience and knowledge relating to problems in the manage- 

 ment of coastal resources; and the Marine Petroleum and Minerals Ad- 

 visory Committee (MPMAC), which is especially concerned with the Deep 

 Ocean Mining Environmental Study (DOMES). 



365. MARITIME ADMINISTRATION: MARAD 



Established in 1950 as a successor to certain functions of the 

 former U.S. Maritime Commission originally established in 1936, MARAD 

 administers programs to help develop, promote, and operate the U.S. 

 Merchant Marine. It operates the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) 

 for potential merchant marine officers and provides training courses 

 in marine specialties for merchant seamen. Its National Maritime 

 Research Center (NMRC), established in 1971, serves as the national 

 center for coordination and dissemination of information on new tech- 

 nologies including providing technical support to MARAD 's research 

 programs and testing products and innovations produced by MARAD, 

 NMRC operates a Computer-Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) 

 that provides information on the avoidance of collisions, ship hand- 

 ling operations, human factors in vessel handling, and 'what if 

 situations regarding ship operations. 



366. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS: NBS 



Established in 1901 to bring the United States into compliance 

 with measurement standards used by other nations, NBS has recently 

 assumed broader responsibilities by fostering applied research. Its 

 major responsibilities include materials research, applied technology, 

 experimental technology, computer sciences and technology, and basic 

 standards. It is concerned with water pollution measurements, de- 

 veloping standards for the measurment of pollution, evaluating the 

 accuracy of instruments and methods for measuring concentrations of 

 pollutants in water and sediments, and compiling physical and 

 chemical properties of pollutants, 



367. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION: NOAA 

 Organized in 1970, NOAA assumed the functions of the environ- 

 mental science programs administered by a number of Federal agencies 

 including the Departments of Commerce, Interior, Transportation, 

 Army, Navy, and the National Science Foundation, 



Its wide range of responsibilities include managing the National 

 Weather Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service, developing 

 environmentally sound coastal zone management programs, sponsoring 

 atmospheric and oceanic research, overseeing and operating the na- 

 tion's environmental satellite system, making extensive geodetic and 

 oceanographic surveys, and developing data management systems. 



In cooperation with the Department of the Navy, several of NOAA' s 

 agencies participate in the Joint Ice Center (JIC), established to 

 forecast and report on ice formations in the Northern Hemisphere, 



Entries 368 through 378 cover the major offices within NOAA, 



368. OFFICE OF COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT: OCZM 



OCZM, also referred to as CZM, was created by the Coastal Zone 

 Management Act (CZMA) of 1972 to direct a comprehensive program to 

 help coastal States reconcile the increasing demands on their coastal 

 zone lands and resources with the national goal of preserving coastal 



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