Center (FNOC) at Monterey, Calif. , formerly called the Fleet Numeri- 

 cal Weather Central (FNWC or NFNWC) and before that the Fleet Numeri- 

 cal Weather Facility (FNWF), the several fleet weather centrals 

 (FWC), and the Fleet Weather Facility (FWF) at Suitland, Md. ; the 

 Naval Weather Service Command (NWSC) and the Naval Weather Research 

 Facility (WEARESFAC). The Fleet Numerical Weather Central provides 

 full service, worldwide, real-time data pertaining to weather and 

 related conditions for the use of the fleet. It has assembled a wide 

 variety of ocean data including marine weather observations, bathy- 

 thermograph data, oceanographic station data, and satellite-derived 

 data sets all of which it uses in its forecast analyses. 



One of its programs to acquire data is the Cooperative Observation 

 Program (COOP) whereby ships of other organizations are provided Ex- 

 pendable Bathythermograph (XBT) probes and related equipment for using 

 the probes and communicating the data free of charge. The Naval Wea- 

 ther Service Command is responsible for the compilation of the series 

 of Marine Climatic Atlases of the World covering each of the oceans. 



392. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE: NAVOCEANO 



Antecedents of NAVOCEANO, also referred to as NOO or USNOO, 

 date back to the 1830' s with the establishment of the Depot of Charts 

 and Instruments whose functions were assumed by the Hydrographic Of- 

 fice (HO) or (HYDRO) upon its establishment in 1866. While primarily 

 responsible for providing navigational aids to naval vessels and air- 

 craft, HO, during and after World War II, became increasingly involved 

 in oceanographic sciences and was resignated the Naval Oceanographic 

 Office in 1962. In 1972, in order to streamline mapping activities 

 in the Department of Defense, responsibilities for preparation of 

 maps, charts, and other publications relating to navigation were re- 

 moved from NAVOCEANO and placed in the newly created Defense Mapping 

 Agency, leaving marine research the sole responsibility of NAVOCEANO. 



NAVOCEANO' s oceanographic activities are carried on primarily as 

 required by the U.S. Navy, and many are related to the Anti-Submarine 

 Warfare Program System (ASWEPS) of data collection, processing, and 

 analyses. NAVOCEANO supports the Integrated Carrier ASW Prediction 

 System (ICAPS) data files. Other programs include the Global Geolog- 

 ical and Geophysical Ocean Floor Analysis and Research (GOFAR) , con- 

 ducted in 1958; the Harbor Survey Assistance Program (HARSAP) to help 

 Latin American countries develop their capabilities for surveying and 

 publishing port, harbor, and coastal charts; Ocean Acre Project (OCAC), 

 a cooperative program undertaken with the Naval Underwater Systems 

 Center, (NUSC), the Smithsonian Institution (SI), and the University 

 of Rhode Island (URI), to make detailed acoustic, biological, and 

 ecological studies of a 60-mile-square area near Bermuda; Fleet 

 Observations of Oceanographic Data (FLOOD); Airborne Remote Sensing 

 Oceanographic Project (ARSOP); Deep Freeze, a program of research in 

 the Antarctic begun in 1956 and supported by the National Science 

 Foundation (NSF); and Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe-Alaska (PARKA) 

 conducted in 1968-69. 



Vessels operated by NAVOCEANO include Auxiliary General Oceano- 

 graphic Research (AGOR), Auxiliary Survey Vessels (ASV), and Auxiliary 

 General Survey (AGS). It also developed the Shipboard Oceanographic 

 Survey System (SOSS) and, together with the Fleet Numerical Weather 

 Center, the Synoptic Oceanographic Data Acquisition System (SODAS) 

 also referred to a ASODAS with the 'A' referring to Augmented. 



393. NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY: NOL 



NOL is responsible for research, design, development, testing, 

 and technical evaluation of complete ordnance systems, assemblies, 



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