Management program succeeded to the functions of the former Fisheries 

 Research Board (FRB), which originated in the 1880 's and was abol- 

 ished with the creation of FMS. 



In 1977 Canada established an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) which 

 is administered by FMS. As a part of the program of administering 

 regulations relating to fishing, FMS developed an automated Foreign 

 Fishing Vessel Licensing and Surveillance Hiearchical Information 

 System (FLASH) to monitor foreign vessels operating in its EEZ. 

 FLASH also keeps track of quotas assigned to each country and the 

 actual catch made by each. A Satellite Surveillance Program (SURSAT) 

 is being developed to monitor the EEZ. SURSAT will also monitor 

 oil and gas activities in the coastal zones and in the Arctic Devel- 

 opment Zone. In addition to regulating fishing, Canada's EEZ program 

 calls for the regulation of pollution in accordance with its Arctic 

 Waters Pollution Prevention Act of 1970 (AWPPA), the Canadian Ship- 

 ping Act (CSA) as amended in 1970 to include prevention of pollution 

 by ships, and its Ocean Dumping Control Act (ODCA) of 1975. 



OAS succeeded to the functions of the former Marine Sciences 

 Directorate (MSD). It operates the Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory 

 (AOL) at the Bedford Institute and conducts programs at the Institute 

 of Ocean Sciences, at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW), 

 and at many other laboratories throughout Canada. In addition to 

 sponsoring oceanographic research, OAS is responsible for the opera- 

 tions of the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS), which inher- 

 ited the functions of the former Canadian Oceanographic Data Centre 

 (CODC), the Tides and Water Levels Section of the Canadian Hydro- 

 graphic Service (CHS), and the Wave Climate Study (WCS). OAS is 

 responsible for the operations of the Canadian Hydrographic Service 

 (CHS). 



Environmental Services (ES) includes the Atmospheric Environmental 

 Service (AES) and the Environmental Management Service (EMS). AES is 

 Canada's national weather service and operates the Canadian Meteoro- 

 logical Center (CMC). Its activities include marine meteorology and 

 ice observations, reconnaissance, and forecasting. 



Organizations within the Environmental Management Service that have 

 marine interests are the Inland Waterways Directorate (IWD), the 

 Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), and the Environmental Protection 

 Service (EPS). IWD operates the Canada Centre for Inland Waters 

 (CCIW) and the Water Resources Document Reference Center (WATDOC). 

 CCIW is the national water research and survey institute and performs 

 studies in the Great Lakes and in the Canadian Arctic; makes surveys 

 of shoreline erosion; and is preparing a coastal zone atlas for 

 Canada. WATDOC is responsible for the development and maintenance 

 of a computerized data base about Canada's water resources. 



EPS is responsible for dealing with problems of the Canadian envi- 

 ronment and its protection, including water pollution control and 

 ecological protection. It maintains a Centre of Spill Technology 

 (COST) for the testing, evaluation, and development of spill counter- 

 measures and cleanup activities. It implements two computerized 

 systems: the National Emergency Equipment Locator System (NEELS) and 

 the National Analysis of Trends in Emergency Systems (NATES). 



Other Government agencies with marine science interests include the 

 Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), which is in the Department of 

 Energy, Mines, and Resources (DEMR) and is responsible for the 

 Canadian Centre for Geoscience Data (CCGD); the Department of Indian 

 Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND) handles environmental and 

 ecological activities in the Canadian Arctic; and the Department of 

 National Defense (DND), which includes the Defense Research Board 

 (DRB), the Defense Research Establishment Atlantic (DREA), ...Ottawa 



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