606. CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 



The National Bureau of Oceanography (NBO), which was estab- 

 lished in 1964-65 and is responsible for work in all disciplines of 

 oceanography, is the leading marine science organization of the 

 People's Republic of China (PRC). Its programs are carried out by 

 three sub-bureaus, those for the South China, East China, and North 

 China (Yellow) Seas, which operate a network of tide stations and 

 buoys, provide ships and logistical support, and conduct other oper- 

 ational programs; three research institutes, the First Institute in 

 Qingdao (Tsingtao), the Second Institute in Hangchow, and the Third 

 Institute in Ximen (Amoy); an Institute of Marine Scientific and 

 Technological Information; and an Institute for Environmental Pro- 

 tection. 



The Bureau of Aquatic Products, the national organization respon- 

 sible for both marine and freshwater fisheries, collects physical as 

 well as chemical and biological data. Units under its direction 

 include the South China Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea Fisheries 

 Research Institutes and various institutes and laboratories in inland 

 and coastal provinces. 



Other government ministries and bureaus involved in marine science 

 are the Ministry of Petroleum, which has a strong marine geology and 

 geophysics component and which operates the Institute for Petroleum 

 Geology and Institutes for Po Hai Bay and the Yellow Sea; the Minis- 

 try of Transportation, which includes the Academy of Water Transpor- 

 tation and Development, the Academy of Waterway Engineering, and 

 Nanjing (Nanking) Water Research Academy, and the Institute of Ship 

 Research; the Ministry of Chemistry, which supports marine chemistry 

 research and observational programs; the PRC Navy, which operates an 

 Institute for Ocean Science Research; and the Ministry of Education, 

 which has overall responsibility for the college and university 

 system. 



The Academia Sinica, the academy of sciences of the People's Repub- 

 lic of China, operates research institutions in all areas of science. 

 For the marine sciences these include the Institute of Oceanography, 

 Qingdao (Tsingtao) and the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology. 



A number of colleges and universities have curricula and research 

 programs in the marine sciences. The principal oceanographic insti- 

 tution is the Shandung University School of Oceanography in Qingdao 

 (Tsingtao). The Estuarine and Coastal Institute of Shanghai Normal 

 University is another typical institution. 



Facilities related to marine science are also operated by coastal 

 provinces. An example is the Shanghai Institute of Computer Tech- 

 nology, which has performed oceanographic calculations such as tidal 

 predictions for harbor construction, computation of geostrophic 

 currents, and numerical modeling of estuaries. 



607 . COLOMBIA 



The Comision Colombiana de Oceanografia (COO) coordinates 

 marine research in Colombia, most of which is by the Navy, which 

 includes a Centro de Investigaciones Oceanograf icas y Hidrograf icas 

 (CIOH) established in 1975. The Navy is also responsible for the 

 Centro Colombiano de Datos Oceanograf icos (CECOLDO), Colombia's 

 national oceanographic data center. 



608. COSTA RICA 



Responsibilities for hydrographic and related marine science 

 activities are delegated to the Direccion General de Obras Portuarias 

 (DGOP). 



124 



