41 



Mr. Studds. Does the gentleman think we ought to involve Walt 

 Disney more deeply in energy, or does he think that he has been 

 primarily involved in it for some time? 



Mr. Emery. As a longtime fan of Mickey Mouse and Donald 

 Duck, I can say that it may well solve some of Walt Disney's 

 problems. 



Mr. Studds. Or it may account for some of ours. 



Mr. Emery. It may account for some of ours, right. 



Mr. Studds. Mr. Hughes, do you have any questions? 



Mr. Hughes. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I just wonder if, Doctor, you could tell me what is the process of 

 bringing deep sea water up to the surface? What does that accom- 

 plish? I understand part of the reason is because of the nutrients 

 involved in the deep water. 



Dr. Flowers. The only reason is to bring the deep ocean nutri- 

 ents up to fertilize the seaweed, yes. 



Mr. Hughes. Has that been perfected, the rate of flow, where 

 you receive maximum growth? 



Dr. Flowers. No, sir; that has not been perfected. That is part of 

 our work right now going on in finding out just exactly how much 

 upwelling is necessary to fertilize the farm. We are also beginning 

 to work on wave powered pumping systems to replace the diesel 

 power so it would use no energy to bring the water up. 



Mr. Hughes. Right now you are using diesel power to create a 

 circulation, to bring the water up and circulation — you are displac- 

 ing water in the vicinity of the seaweed 



Dr. Flowers. That is correct. 



Mr. Hughes. It is just an expedient to get the project underway. 

 I see. 



Thank you. 



Mr. Studds. Thank you very much, Dr. Flowers. I appreciate it. 



Our next witness is Dr. John Ryther, senior scientist at the 

 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 



Dr. R5rther and others who are waiting, we apologize for the 

 slowness of these proceedings and their interrupted nature. It is 

 almost inevitable. 



Dr. R3rther, I apologize for greeting you on these grounds as 

 opposed to your natural habitat in Woods Hole. No one should be 

 subjected unnecessarily to this environment and we hope you sur- 

 vive it and get back there as quickly as possible. 



STATEMENT OF JOHN H. RYTHER, SENIOR SCIENTIST, WOODS 

 HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, WOODS HOLE, MASS. 



Dr. Ryther. Thank you very much. 



[The following was received for the record:] 



Testimony of John H. Ryther 



My name is John H. Ryther. I am a Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceano- 

 graphic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where I have carried out research 

 in the fields of biological oceanography and marine ecology since 1951. My areas of 

 specialization are biological productivity of the sea, marine aquaculture, waste 

 recycling, and effects of pollution on marine ecosystems. 



For the past five years I have conducted research under contract with the U.S. 

 Department of Energy on the production of aquatic plants as biomass sources for 

 conversion to fuel. In connection with that research, I have recently prepared a 

 manuscript entitled "Fuels from Marine Biomass" that will be published later this 



