Mr. Adams. I am pleased to be here today to discuss DOE's 

 biomass program, with emphasis on the aquatic complement. We 

 define biomass as organic material that is used for energy. The 

 organic material can either be burned directly, or it can be convert- 

 ed to gas or liquid products, for fuels, or for feedstocks. 



In 1977, the Nation used in the order of 1.8 quads of biomass 

 material. Already a significant contribution to our national energy 

 supplies, amounting to about 2.4 percent of our total supplies. Most 

 of this was in the form of direct combustion of wood. 



Mr. Studds. How much of that was in wood burning? 



Mr. Adams. I do not have a precise figure, but I believe practical- 

 ly all of it was in direct wood burning. 



[The following was submitted:] 



Energy Projected From Wood Burning in 1985 



Direct combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification of wood are expected to provide 

 about 2 quads of energy out of a total of about 3 quads expected from biomass 

 sources by that date. Direct combustion will contribute the largest quantities of 

 energy in the form of industrial and residential heat and co-generated electricity. 

 Most of the energy is expected to be produced and consumed by the forest products 

 and paper and pulp industries. 



Mr. Studds. So you consider the generation of heat by wood- 

 burning stoves to be biomass? 



Mr. Adams. Yes, sir. 



Now, the administration recently conducted a domestic policy 

 review of solar energy, and that policy review, together with other 

 studies, indicates a very important future contribution to the 

 Nation from biomass. 



In 1985, the estimated numbers are in the range of IVi to 3 

 quads of biomass contribution, and in the year 2000, in the range of 

 4 to 7 quads of biomass energy contribution. 



Mr. Studds. May I interrupt you? 



How much energy is projected from wood burning in 1985? 



Mr. Adams. Direct combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification of 

 wood are expected to provide about 2 quads of energy out of a total 

 of about 3 quads expected from biomass sources by that date. 

 Direct combustion will contribute the largest quantities of energy 

 in the form of industrial and residential heat and cogenerated 

 electricity. Most of the energy is expected to be produced and 

 consumed by the forest products and paper and pulp industries. 



This total contribution makes biomass the largest potential con- 

 tributor in this century from renewables. DOE is excited about this 

 potential, and biomass research and development efforts have re- 

 ceived increasing attention in the Department. 



The biomass budget has grown about 13 times by a factor of 13 in 

 the last 3 years, from $4.5 million in 1976 to $58 million in 1980. 



Mr. Studds. What percentage is that of your research budget? 



Mr. Adams. Approximately 10 percent. 



Mr. Studds. Of the entire research budget of the Department of 

 Energy? 



Mr. Adams. No, sir, under my direction. Of the entire research 

 budget, I will have to get you, again, a precise figure on that, but it 

 would be in the order of three-tenths of 1 percent, I believe. 



Mr. Studds. Thank you. That is just a prospective, in addition to 

 the multiplication by 13? 



