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2. Mineral resources seaward of the limits of national jurisdiction 
Beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, what international arrange- 
ments should govern mineral development ? 
House of Delegates' recommendation 
On this subject the 1968 Resolution of the House of Delegates recom- 
mended: 
"(3) That on the basis of the information now available, the 
most desirable long-range goal for a regime to govern exploration 
and development of the mineral resources of the seabed and ocean 
floor and subsoil beyond the limits of national jurisdiction is not the 
creation of a supersovereignty with power to grant or deny mineral 
concessions, but rather agreement upon norms of conduct designed 
to minimize conflicts between sovereigns which undertake such ex- 
ploration and development. 
"(4) That the resources of the bed and subsoil of the deep 
sea, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, be the subject ofa 
study and consultation with a view to formulating rules and practices 
to be observed by common restraint or by other arrangements which 
will assure, inter alia, freedom of exploration by all nations ona 
nondiscriminatory basis, security of tenure to those engaged in pro- 
ducing the resources in compliance with such rules, encouragement 
to discover and develop these resources, and optimum use to the 
benefit of all peoples... ." 
1968 Joint Report of the Sections 
The supporting 1968 Section Report said, on this subject: 
"The Seabed Seaward of National Jurisdiction 
"With respect to the minerals of the deep seabed beyond the 
exclusive jurisdiction of the coastal nations, three observations are 
in order: First, the problem is less pressing in point of time be- 
cause most mineral development will continue to take place first in the 
shallower waters which are within coastal jurisdiction; second, less 
is known about the abyssal deeps and therefore about the type of 
regime that would best effectuate their utilization; third, the nego- 
tiation of an international agreement to establish a wholly new 
regime will consume an extended period of time. Based on the 
