673 
limit be explicitly clarified. Rather than attempt such clarification 
through an international conference, it would appear preferable to deal 
with the matter by means of parallel ex parte declarations in which the 
states concerned would voluntarily recognize limits on their exclusive 
jurisdiction along the lines suggested in this Report. Such declarations 
might well contain not only an express recognition of the proposed defi- 
nition of adjacency, but also an affirmation of intent not to recognize 
more extensive claims by others—e.g., to the middle of the great oceans. 
By such means it would be possible to build up a pattern of concordant 
state practices by which the meaning of the existing Convention language 
may be authoritatively determined. 
In connection with the ex parte declarations above mentioned, states 
may also wish to give serious consideration to provision, in accordance 
with internal law and constitutional procedures, for allocation of a por- 
tion of the revenues derived from part of the area of coastal control to 
an international fund earmarked for expenditure for generally approved 
international purposes. Different conclusions might be reached by dif- 
ferent states depending upon current levels of foreign aid expenditures 
and policies relating to dedication of revenues derived from specific 
sources for specific purposes. In the United States, such policy decisions 
must be made by the Congress.* 
V. THE DEEP OCEAN FLOOR BEYOND THE AREA 
OF COASTAL CONTROL 
1. The need for a sound beginning 
We turn now to consider the deeper ocean areas, those seaward of the 
coastal regime established by the Convention on the Continental Shelf. 
Inasmuch as the coastal regime controls mineral development on the 
continents, including the submerged continental land mass, and this, gen- 
erally speaking, extends to depths of the order of 2,500 meters, it seems 
valid to expect that the opportunities in the areas under coastal control 
(contrasted with the formidable technical and economic problems at- 
tending mineral development beneath deeper water) will occupy the 
creative and productive energies of scientists and engineers for several 
decades to come. Mineral developments will move out to very deep 
* Mr. Finlay dissents with respect to this paragraph, saying: “I see no more 
reason for a nation’s allocating a portion of the revenues derived from offshore 
operations than for allocating a portion of the revenues from onshore operations 
to international purposes and the very making of the suggestion casts an implied 
cloud on the title of the coastal states to the mineral resources of their con- 
tinental margins.” 
