730 
Similarly we have very little design data for high-pressure seals 
for pressures beyond those associated with depth of 10 ,000 feet. Lubri- 
cating and insulating fluids undergo significant changes in viscosity 
and other properties when subjected to high hydraulic pressures. Asa 
result, even the simplest application is difficult to verify. 
All these required advances in the technological capability of our 
Nation, cost time and money. Without them the ¢ delivery of production 
vehicles will be delayed and extensive prototype development works 
may be required on systems originally planned as production models. 
These problems are not unique to deep sea applications. Similar 
needs exist in desalination, fishing, offshore mining and petroleum, 
and other marine industries. 
AQUISITION OF DATA 
Today, design information on ocean engineering is clearly inade- 
quate. The Government, scientists, research engineers, and publishers 
of technical books must work together to make design data available 
on successful methods, basic background information, and case studies 
of failures. 
A critical need exists in technology development for a sieniheant 
increase in the number and quality of major test and evaluation facili- 
ties for large undersea vehicles, platforms. and extended-depth equip- 
ment. Several design approaches might work, but frequently only one 
has received the testing that makes it certifiable. Thus, an inferior, 
state-of-the-art methodology may occasicnally be used because of a 
lack of engineering background and test data on more efficient 
approaches. 
industry has found it appropriate to develop and operate small- 
scale environmental test facilities. The private sector is nevertheless 
hampered by severe economic limitations. The facilities for gathering 
engineering data on components and subsystems needed at ereat depths 
or im especially hot, cold, or highly saline waters require a high capital 
investment which many times is beyond the means of industry. The 
lack of these additional facilities and the inaccessibility of existing 
facilities, many times due to lack of moneys, can significantly deter 
marine resource development. 
THE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM 
Now, I would like to turn to the management aspects. To build the 
desired national oceanic capability, we urgently need a stable, long- 
range engineering development program. However, because a reason- 
able return on investment is a basic requirement, management must 
work within budget and schedule constraints to produce effective 
marine systems. 
Ta a technologically complex field such as ocean. development, prob- 
lems arise in two areas. First, there is a fundamental conflict between 
the objectives of research and development and those of production ; 
second, in setting priorities, a program manager must place the produc- 
tion of hardware to contract specifications, the attraction of more 
business, and the improvement of existing products well ahead of 
research or long-range engineering development. 
