731 
Consequently, when money gets tight or costs increase, project or 
mission management inevitably must sacrifice both long-range engi- 
neering research and advanced technology development * to the short- 
term mission requirements of the operating division or agency. 
For this reason, industry has separated its research and development 
divisions, whose task is to develop advanced technology, from its 
project organizations or product divisions. R. & D. programs are 
budgeted on the basis of a company’s long-range plans and are 
protected by higher management policy. 
Within the U.S. governmental and congressional structure, I do not 
believe we have an organization or management to insure that ad- 
vanced ocean technology is being developed for the future. This is 
one critical problem that we must solve. There are some 33 different 
Federal bureaus and agencies involved in ocean affairs; advanced 
technology obviously is needed for more efficient operations by these 
agencies. 
Because of splintered funding, however, they continue with existing 
technology and are unable to exploit the full potential of their re- 
source or mission. If they try to launch a new developmental effort 
without the basic technology, the program is usually faced with 
overruns or failure. 
If several agencies wish to get together to advance a given tech- 
nology, they must jointly convince several governmental committees ; 
the importance of funding basic technology usually cannot be justi- 
fied on the basis of any single agency need. 
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION 
T believe the Commission recognized these problems, having pos- 
sibly noted a similar problem that existed in the early days of air- 
crait development. In the 1920’s and 1930’s, when the Army, the Navy, 
and commercial aircraft industries were struggling to get started, all 
needed the same basic technology. The NACA was established to pro- 
vide the data for both Government and industry. I believe that this 
organization was the key impetus to the growth of the great aerospace 
industry of today and to its accomplishments in commercial trans- 
portation and defense. 
Through its advisory committee arrangements, the NACA was re- 
sponsive ‘to the national needs of Government and industry ; it thereby 
assured that its efforts were professionally related to genuine future 
mission requirements. It provided an infant industry with the kind 
of storehouse of technical knowledge that is missing in the infant 
ocean industry of today. 
An organization such as the proposed National Oceanic and Atmos- 
pheric Agency, NOAA, with the guidance of the National Advisory 
Committee for the Oceans, NACO, could provide the same service to 
the Nation. Furthermore, in any vovernmental reorganization, pro- 
vision for the economical accomplishment of the long range engineer- 
ing and advanced technology tasks is one of the most important 
considerations. A critical mass of funding and a single congressional 
focal point are needed to provide budgetary priority, allocation, and 
stability. ae engineering development function of government, that 
