137 
ably they are accompanied by some degree of hardship and by a num- 
ber of other difficulties, some of which I have listed on the top of 
page 6. 
The Commission recommends that under certain conditions, that is 
the depletion of the stock, an interstate or international fishery, a 
product that moves in interstate commerce, and the inability or unwill- 
ingness of the States to act, that the Federal Government intervene 
and exercise regulatory authority in the interest of achieving this 
reduction in effort. 
While I think this is probably unfortunately necessary for a large 
number of stocks, I would like to point out that there may be oppor- 
tunities for achieving the same goals with a great deal less hardship 
and difficulty. These were touched on by the Commission but were 
not given as much attention as they might have been. That is, that 
there are newly developing or underdeveloped stocks of fish in which 
it might be a lot easier to impose the controls on entry, to impose them 
prior to the time in which the fishermen have reached excess effort. 
There are three different situations that might provide these oppor- 
tunities. The first would be the discovery of a new source of a fish 
species for which there is a recognized demand. The second would be 
the development of a market for a species that is presently under- 
utilized, and the third would be a significant change in the conditions 
of supply (a major innovation in gear or perhaps a relaxation of an 
institutional impediment). 
Some examples of such situations would include the scallops of the 
southeestern United States, the Taner crabs im the Bering Sea, the 
use of hake or other species for fish protein concentrate or the removal 
of impediments to the anchovy fishery off California, and others. 
In these situations the fishermen have not overcapitalized. There are 
not too many fishermen. There is a chance at this time to establish 
some forms of access control, to limit the number of fishermen, and 
then to achieve through this means a rational fishery and to demon- 
strate the value of having these kinds of property rights in the stock. 
It seems to me that if these kinds of opportunities are taken hold 
of, that it would provide the chance of initiating similar kinds of 
controls in some of the more overdeveloped fisheries that exist today. 
So in summary I would like to add my emphasis to that of the 
commission on the importance of economic efficiency as a goal for fish- 
eries management. 
I fully concur in the commission’s analysis and its conclusions that 
controls in access to fisheries are absolutely necessary for the rehabili- 
tation of domestic fisheries. 
The commission’s recommendation that the Federal Government be 
given statutory authority to intervene in certain situations is vital, 
even though it is to be hoped that such intervention will not be 
necessary. 
Finally, I suggest that certain newly developing fisheries may pro- 
vide the best opportunities for initiating access controls and the adop- 
tion of rationalized fisheries management. 
I would like to say just a few words about reorganization of the 
Federal Government. 
IT am not a scholar of public administration and I do not have very 
strong feelings one way or the other about the reorganization of the 
