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issues being brought before such a conference. Professor William Burke, at a 
recent seminar at the University of Oregon, has pointed out that it would be 
only prudent to inquire what other issues will be considered, and how these 
issues might have to be adjusted in order to secure the kind of agreement we 
might seek concerning the seabeds. At this symposium at the University of 
Oregon, Professor Burke said : 
It certainly is not at all beyond anticipation that there will be a strong 
move by some states, perhaps a large number: (1) to secure agreement on 
a wide territorial sea; (2) to make it entirely clear (as it is not now) that 
warships do not enjoy a right of innocent passage through the territorial 
sea; (3) to assure exclusive fishing rights in a wide fishing zone as a 
possible alternative to a territorial sea of a particularly wide sort; (4) to 
establish new and more severe restrictions upon the conduct of scientific 
research; and (5) to place special restraints on military uses of the seabed, 
the water column and the surface. 
As Professor Burke pointed out, in the proper exercise of prudence the United 
States, as well as other nations, needs to examine in some detail how its interests 
are affected by alternative dispositions of these issues. There is no evidence 
from the report of the Marine Commission, or the reports of its panels, that 
these other aspects of the international public order of the oceans were consid- 
ered, and that is what greatly disturbs me. I would hope that these would be 
considered in some detail before we charge ahead on the seabeds issue. 
Dr. Scrarrer. As I have noted in the statement, I have served for 
quite some time on the National Academy of Science Committee on 
Oceanography, commonly known as NASCO, and I had the privilege 
of being its chairman during the period when we prepared our second 
comprehensive report, that is, “Oceanography 1966—Achievements 
and Opportunities.” 
I have been involved with international affairs for some time. In 
fact, I started out with the International Halibut Commission head- 
quartered at the University of Washingon under Dr. W. F. Thompson, 
and then worked for the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Com- 
mission concerned with the salmon of the Fraser River, and had the 
pleasure of being director of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Com- 
mission for a number of years. I was involved in the development of 
the Law of the Sea Conferences that were held in Geneva in 1958 and 
1960. Most recently, in addition to my university activities, I have 
served as Secretary Udall’s science adviser from mid-1967 through 
the spring of 1969. 
Not included in the résumé is that I also have a few industrial con- 
nections. There is a small company called Fishing Technology, Inc., 
of which I am vice president. We are in the business of trying to apply 
some of the things we have learned about the science of the sea to 
catching tuna a little more efficiently, and I am involved together with 
Dr. Spilhaus in a new venture called Aqua International. We think 
we have some ideas for getting lobsters and one thing and another, out 
of the water a little more efficiently. However, I don’t hold forth as an 
expert in these industrial affairs, but I wanted to tell you this to make 
the résumé complete. 
Mr. Chairman, it is very evident that the report of the Commission 
on Marine Science, Engineering, and Resources is a very important 
milestone in the development of oceanography in the United States, 
and I regard it as particularly fortunate that this Commission included 
not only experts from the educational and research organizations and 
industry, but also had the benefit of the wisdom of representa- 
tives both of the legislative and executive branches of the Federal 
Government. 
