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so bold as to include in the new agency their functions respecting per- 
mits for construction in navigable waters, although you might think 
about it. But the beach erosion board, or the coastal engineering re- 
search laboratory, is essentially a scientific, monitoring and engineer- 
ing service having to do with the beaches. 
One of the reasons, sir, why I believe one has to think seriously 
about combining all marine functions is because of the problem we 
have in our coastal zone, that is in the area from, say, one hundred 
yards, or a mile, back on the beach out about 20 or 30 miles offshore. 
You have this problem in Puget Sound. You have it on your outer 
beaches, certainly near the mouth of the Columbia River, and we 
have it in California. Of course, off New York is a notable case. In the 
same piece of ocean we are catching fish commercially, and we are 
catching them recreationally. We have people running around with 
sailboats and water skis, and otherwise having fun. We are bringing 
ships in and out. We are making harbors. We are using the sea-water 
for cooling, for powerplants. We have the whole multiplicity of uses 
of the same piece of ocean, and I think, somehow, we simply have to 
start handling these things in a coordinated fashion. 
This is one of the reasons, of course, why the Commission very 
wisely recommended the coastal zone authorities, to do exactly that. 
But if the coastal zone authority in a State is going to be effective, 
either the State or the Federal Government, or both, have to get on 
with doing the scientific research, and the monitoring, and the man- 
agement that we need, and this includes the area beyond the State’s 
jurisdiction, that is beyond 3 miles. 
So I think the problem of the in-shore zone is one of the principal 
reasons for wanting to aggregate together as many of the marine func- 
tions as possible. I also believe, personally, that it is important to 
aggregate them so that we will be the leaders in the mastery of the 
resources of the more distant seas, but our most immediate problem is 
this in-shore coastal zone problem. 
Mr. Petry. One other thing that rather surprised me was your sug- 
gestion that the International Fisheries Commissions should be trans- 
ferred from the State Department. You have some background in 
this having started out on the Halibut Commission. I have always 
thought that the coordination between the Bureau of Commercial 
Fisheries and the State Department was very good in that respect, and 
that actually it was such an international problem that it really had 
to be under our State Department. 
_ Dr. Scrazrer. Well, I can give you the reason for it. So as not to 
jeopardize the welfare of some of my colleagues who are still running 
international fisheries commissions, I would like this next remark to 
be off the record, if I may, sir. 
Mr. Downrn«. It may be off the record. 
(Discussion off the record.) 
Mr. Downtn«. Back on the record. 
Mr. Petry. Doctor, I want to thank you for what I think is a very 
valuable contribution. We are going to be struggling with this prob- 
lem and, as you know, it is not as simple to work out as it is to theorize 
when you are sitting in a witness chair considering the jurisdictions, 
the natural jealousies and so on which exist. I think if we did approach 
