918 
In the first place, all of the research in the atmospheric sciences is 
not concentrated in ESSA. The research is carried out in ESSA, but 
also research is funded by the National Science Foundation. 
So. we see the principle that I spoke of at the Daddario committee 
being, I think, carried out properly there. The research is not central- 
ized but ESSA is able to carry out its mission-orlented research and 
to enage in fundamental research and development which will lead to 
improvements m operation. 
Dr. White can fill in some of the details but I am enormously im- 
pressed with some of the things that have come out of ESSA’s research 
which have affected the operations, and I don’t think they would have 
happened if they had been separated. For example, the Nimbus-3 
satellite, which contains an infrared sensing system, is now producing 
data from around the world in places where we have not had the capa- 
bility to make observations, particularly over the oceans, and this 
information is now being fed into the operating network, and the fore- 
casts that we see on a day-to-day basis have been substantially im- 
proved by the addition of several thousand observations of upper air 
soundings where before we only had 600 or so. 
You just have to have people who are in operations talking to people 
who are doing research, if the research is going to be relevant. 
On the other hand, as I said, you also have to have an opportunity 
for people to do research on things that don’t seem relevant at the 
moment the research is undertaken. I think if we were to take the 
entire budget of ESSA that is devoted to research, and throw it into 
operations, it would only amount to about 15 percent, and this wouldn’t 
make a significant change in the overall capability of the operation 
compared ‘to the loss we would sustain by not having this constant 
feeding-in of improvements. 
Mr. Mosuer. You are saying that the danger that some other people 
before this committee have pointed to can be avoided simply by good 
management ? 
Dr. Trisvus. That is right. That is a good point at which I should 
turn this over to Dr. White and have him talk a little more about the 
specifics of the management. 
Dr. Wurte. I will be very brief, Mr. Mosher. 
First, I have a general comment. T believe very strongly that unless 
research and development is closely responsive to the needs of opera- 
tions and services, you will not get the maximum out of research and 
development, and, therefore, there are significant advantages to having 
a very close relationship between research and development activities 
and service activities. 
Mr. Mosuer. In other words, it is an advantage rather than a 
disadvantage. ~ 
Dr. Wuirte. In my view it is, sir. 
Mr. Mosner. If well managed. 
Dr. Wuite. In my view it is, sir. 
Secondly, with regard to your comment about whether ESSA’s 
operational and service activities have suffered.as a result of a con- 
centration on scientific and research activities as against a concentra- 
tion on service activities, this as I see it is just not true. 
The problem is that both in our research and development activities 
and in our service activities, we have been under very stringent 
