974 
know, this responsibility within the Department of Defense resides 
almost entirely with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. I have 
asked General Koisch to be present with me today. He has a prepared 
statement and is prepared to answer questions on the civil side of 
marine sciences. 
The appropriate staffs in the Department of Defense have reviewed 
the Commission report in great detail. While there are a variety of 
views on many of the detailed items discussed, there is a general view 
that the Commission report represents a careful and responsible 
analysis of the civilian-oriented portion of the national program, and 
that it makes a number of valuable detailed recommendations. 
Even where individual commentators have reservations about par- 
ticular recommendations, it is clear that all agree that the ideas put 
forward are imaginative and useful in stimulating a great deal of 
new thought about various possibilities. 
As the Commission states in its report, it did not specifically ex- 
amine the national security aspects of marine matters, nor does it 
comment on these programs as such, other than endorsing and empha- 
sizing the importance of the Navy’s research and development in this 
area to its operations, and noting the importance of continuing this 
work. 
We concur in this view and it is our intention to continue these pro- 
grams and to strengthen them in appropriate areas. It should be 
emphasized that our national security is heavily dependent on the 
marine environment and that civil programs interface significantly 
in this environment with military operations and resources. 
The general tenor of the Commission report is that military and 
civil functions in the ocean should be coordinated but separated. We 
concur in this concept, but wish to note explicitly the importance that 
“spinoffs” from Navy technological programs have had for the devel- 
opment of the civilian side of national marine science development. It 
is our hope that coordination and cooperation between the military 
mission and civil-oriented programs will continue to make this pos- 
sible. It is certainly desirable. 
Since the national security program is not directly discussed, the 
man issues of DOD concern deal with the interactions of DOD pro- 
grams (including the major civil responsibilities of the U.S. Army 
Corps of Engineers) and civilian programs as these may be affected 
by the organization of the civilian side. 
The Navy has played a major role in building the marine science 
resources of the country by supporting research programs in universi- 
ties and research institutions. Our requirement for this kind of re- 
search support as background and esesntial support to our mission- 
oriented programs continues and, in fact, is increasing. 
_ The DOD wishes to continue to support some large marine institu- 
tions since we believe that only thus can we maintain a strong contact 
with these civil institutions and support the kind of research results 
necessary in the subject areas peculiar to our concerns. 
We believe that our support dovetails well with NSF support of 
these areas. As in the past, the major agencies involved, principally 
the Office of Naval Research and National Science Foundation, can 
work together to support a well integrated research program in marine 
science. As regards possible organizational modes for the civil side, 
