986 
STATEMENT OF MAJ. GEN. F. P. KOISCH, U.S. ARMY, DIRECTOR OF 
CIVIL WORKS, OFFICE, CHIEF 0F ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF 
THE ARMY 
General Korscu. Mr. Chairman, the statement I am about to give 
has been cleared by the Bureau of the Budget. 
Mr. Lennon. Thank you. 
Mr. Keirn. I take it it is entirely negative. Py 
General Korscu. I am Maj. Gen. F. P. Koisch, Director of Civil 
Works of the Office, Chief of Engineers. I am very pleased to appear 
before you today in connection with our Nation and the sea, the report 
of the distinguished Commission on Marine Science, Engineering and 
Resources, and your bill H.R. 18247, which would implement some of 
the Commission’s important recommendations. 
Mr. Lennon. General, at that point I want to correct the record. 
When you addressed me as Mr. Chairman, you referred to my bill. 
This bill is a bill submitted by the full membership of the subcom- 
mittee on Oceanography. 
Now go ahead. 
General Korscu. The Commission’s report is a tremendous contribu- 
tion. Its views on our Nation’s stake in the oceans merit the careful 
attention of everyone at the Federal, State, local and private level 
who is concerned with formulating oceanic policies and programs for 
the future. 
The Commission’s chapter on the coastal zone and the Great Lakes 
is of particular interest to the Army. The Army Corps of Engineers 
involvement in these areas began in the infancy of the Nation and has 
grown es the Nation has grown. 
In the beginning, national survival was so clearly dependent on the 
security of the Atlantic and Great Lakes coastlines that the Army 
Engineers early centered on coastal fortifications and problems beset- 
ting construction at the land-sea interface. This attention soon quick- 
ened because some of the earliest acts of Congress involved navigation 
improvements. Over the years, the Corps’ interest in protecting and 
improving the use of the coastal zone has broadened as the Congress 
has added responsibilities. 
Today the Corps is engaged in a $200 million annual program of 
researching, planning, designing, constructing and/or maintaining 
coastal harbors, intracoastal waterways, interoceanic canals, hurri- 
cane barriers, and shore and beach stabilization programs. The Corps 
also issues permits for all construction in navigable coastal waters. 
Other Corps programs, physically located inland, have an impor- 
tant influence on the coastal zone. Inland harbors and waterways feed 
the coastal ports and form part of the complex waterborne transpor- 
tation system which moves a substantial part of our interstate and 
international commerce. Flood control programs on rivers that dis- 
charge into the oceans involve the coastal zone because of the river- 
ine interaction with shore, littoral and tidal processes. 
Over the years, the coastal zone missions of the Corps have grown 
ever more sophisticated. Some of the current assignments that par- 
ticularly illustrate this sophistication are the Atlantic-Pacific Inter- 
oceanic Canal Studies, the comprehensive Chesapeake Bay investi- 
