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I believe in the importance of such a program, and in the im- 
portance of making the program most effective by insuring the 
close coordination of our Nation’s activities in ocean science and 
technology. 
T understand that the President has asked his Advisory Council 
on Executive Organization to consider the Commission’s organiza- 
tional recommendations in the context of broader Federal organiza- 
tional requirements, and to compare the Commission’s proposals with 
alternative ways of coordinating and advancing the national develop- 
ment of the marine sciences. 
I would like to point out that we should recognize the inseparability 
of our planetary environment, which includes not only the sea, but 
the land and the atmosphere above both. All three contribute directly 
to the quality of the oceanic environment, and an improved under- 
standing of their separate and collective contributions may lead us 
closer to the solutions to problems of environmental degradation and 
marine resource utilization. 
I suggest, therefore, that in developing operational guidelines for 
the development of national goals, the Federal agencies consider not 
only the shorelines which are directly involved, but also the contri- 
butions of the interior land to the marine environment. 
A number of witnesses who have testified before this subcommittee 
have emphasized the need for more work in basic science. As the 
representative of an agency whose mission is basic science rather than 
tangible resources, I want to emphasize the basic science implications 
of this bill in the context of the Commission report. 
The Commission report states: 
A full realization of the potential of the sea is presently limited by lack of 
scientific knowledge and the requisite marine technology and engineering. 
Also: 
Support of basic marine research is vital if we are to understand the global 
oceans, to predict the behavior of the marine environment, to exploit the sea’s 
resources, and to assure the national security. 
J believe that increased funding for basic research is essential to 
achieve the national goals for studies of the oceans. These goals have 
been described, but I might simplify the descriptions. 
We require more food from the sea. We must maintain full access 
to the oceans for transportation of goods. The harvest of oil, gas, and 
mineral resources from the shallow seabed is essential for our civiliza- 
tion to advance. Continuing exploration will certainly identify addi- 
tional resources of great value to us. It appears possible to achieve 
some control of oceanic forces to influence weather. Pollution of the 
sea, however, must be controlled. 
While we have learned a good deal about food production and the 
husbanding of cattle and other food animals from the land, our 
management of sea life is in a very elemental state. The commercial 
fisheries are based almost entirely on habit and accident. 
Our “number one crop” from the sea is the wide-ranging ocean 
tuna. We have no way of knowing how close we are to depleting this 
population. We also know very little about what substitute fishes 
might be used for building auxiliary fisheries. 
Many so-called trash fish are quite edible and nutritious. If we are 
to expand these probably available and probably useful sources of 
